The essay — Part VI

Voluntary intrusions

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Theory — the conceptual exposition Method — remarks on application Baudelaire — application to the sonnet Correspondences
§401
· Heap, thread, rep
Theory

As the pivot of the N in «Nature» in the first line of the poem does not obstruct the eyelet, it is impossible to use the notion of the pivot alone to define every figure of speech which occurs in a concrete way within a group of significances, and so many of the relationships linking thought with the material marks used to record it must be re-examined. First of all, meaning and sign should be seen as partially interdependent. We also consider that any elementary significance has a meaning, represented by a word or symbol, for a considerable length of time, within a community [905]-[906]. A text, with its various additions, whether physical or mental, is called a heap, and the notion of the rail must be widened to include the notion of heaps, whether real or invented. Any sign or meaning which is permanently in the heap, whether an idea, a symbol, a word, a support or a freestone, is called a shard. Its existence in no way depends on fugitive circumstances, unlike the unintentional grimace of an actor which will not be present in a later performance of the same play. The shard may or may not break the eyelet. The use of capital letters, A, E, H… is extended to the shards. A crucible is a heap the main significance of which, called the thread, is at least roughly apparent. Such a crude assessment of ideas would become impossible if the flow of the discourse were constantly interrupted by certain decisive but irrational expressions, such as a long series of cries without prior meditation, caused by such great pain that any internalization was impossible. A wad can be summarized as two things found in some crucibles: a shard hindering the eyelet, or a pivot. Any crucible with a thread that can be delivered just by freestones, terms or pivots is called a crib. A verbal example of this is given by the whole sonnet „Correspondences“, since it has this kind of thread. Conversely, if a group of sounds includes a sequence of musical notes of great force, mingling in with the compartments, it could not be described as a crib. A rep in a crib is a wad desired by the creator and not obtained using any common poetic device such as assonance, metre, accent or rhyme. The heap before the intrusion of the rep is its tumulus and the idea of the rep is given the symbol (-¦¦¦¦-).

Method

In this way “a bang was heard” can be written (bang-¦¦¦¦-explosion) and “she lived in a little ⌂” enables us to write (⌂-¦¦¦¦-hut), but the segment “he ¤∆ offers ⌂ in less ☼±√” does not allow a proper rep.

Application to Baudelaire

The marks of the freestones only constitute this type of object once they are multiplied in a comical way. Baudelaire sent many notes to his editor, enjoining him to take great care with the typography for his works but his usage was not idiosyncratic [646]: «As for my punctuation, remember that it serves not only to note the meaning but also "the declamation".»

§402
· Shed and cog-wheels
Theory

New devices are needed to understand the reps more precisely. First there are a group of twelve functions together called the shed. To define certain ambiguous figures, one of their characteristics in particular is stressed. Then a literary or mythological objective is required of the turn of phrase. Next, any highly elaborate encoding is eliminated and fourthly no contributions to knowledge are allowed. The intellectual forms of pleonasm, as well as ambiguity, opposition and abstract irony are rejected as are numerous puns arising without any material deformation such as “the baker needs his dough”. The oral takes precedence, so that we transcribe as (patience-¦¦¦¦-patients) the sentence “old doctors never die they just lose their patience”. The eighth function turns to a description of the heap relating to the type of language used, as in “it’s tracked her”. For the commentary, unless there is a good reason, any distancing from the concrete as in “its tractor” is to be avoided. Next a statement is preferred to an explanation. In this way “it’s tracked her” counts more than its different meanings. The eleventh function is to place outside the zone of the objects studied, the play on the place given to signs, once there is any uncertainty involved. This is the case with “Paula met Jay when she was going to the market”. Finally, we call a word anything close to being one in the level of language concerned. The prefix “per” in «perfumes» is thus called a word, since there exists a preposition with this form. The second group of methods used to analyse the figures consists of two descriptive notations, (F-) and (S-), the cog-wheels, used together or singly. The first, (F-), contains an “appearance” or “fact” and the second, (S-), has the meaning “exegesis” or “supposition”.

Method

The cog- wheels make comprehensible that which would be difficult to understand without them. The silence in the middle of “present…arms” is represented (F-…-¦¦¦¦-S-short moment for the soldier to shoulder his weapon).

Application to Baudelaire

The explanation is less external for (F-w8-¦¦¦¦-S-wait), for “please w8 a minute”. Looking for a rep in «…the expansion of infinite things…» involves examining (F-expansion of infinite things-¦¦¦¦-S-infinite expansion of infinitesimal things). Penetrating the ways to the soul, a feminine scent touches one person and leaves the others indifferent, just as a die only lands on one side. According to Cazotte, the devil worries about such correspondences [179]: «Yes; leaving prudence aside, we learn games of luck that you mistakenly call games of chance. There is no chance in the world; everything has been and will always be a series of necessary combinations that can only be understood by the science of numbers, the principles of which are at the same time both so abstract and so profound that we can only grasp them if led by a master; but one must have been able to find and keep such a master. I can only portray this sublime knowledge to you through an image. The sequence of numbers gives us the rhythm of the universe, regulates so-called fortuitous and predetermined events, forcing them by invisible pendulums to fall each in turn, from the important occurrences in distant spheres to the wretched little strokes of fortune that have deprived you of your money today.»

§403
· Tenure, ceiling, glebe
Theory

With the aim of following the reps of a heap, the tenures can be distinguished as being the shards involved in these reps. They constitute the glebe, or the segment of the heap giving the turn of phrase. Often it is the glebe that is mentioned before the symbol (-¦¦¦¦-) of the formula. The commentary on it is called the ceiling. In “we did not see any sign of illegal activity but the labour inspector told me that the lamplighter was concealing the moon”, we can imagine (the lamplighter was concealing the moon-¦¦¦¦-the moonlighter was concealing the lamp) with the disposition (glebe, ceiling) [826]. Sometimes it is impossible to obtain the glebe and so it is just described, as in “a yellow stain on the paper where "gold" is written”. There are three varieties in the analysis of the ceiling: the substitute, which has to replace the glebe in an imaginary rail; the condiment, which remains outside the phenomena so as to describe it; and the agglomerate which combines the two aspects. The substitute “the moonlighter was concealing the lamp” has already been seen. According to the shed, it is the best ceiling. However, in order to remain intelligible regarding “noises of throat clearing close by surprised her: AHEM, AHem, Ahem, ahem” the condiment must be chosen from (AHEM, AHem, Ahem, ahem-¦¦¦¦-gradual clearing of the voice). The agglomerate “inversion sth-st” is useful for “an astmatic asthronomer”.

Method

The order (glebe, ceiling) is that of the cog- wheels, giving (F-I’ll-¦¦¦¦-S-aisle) for “in church I’ll process to the altar”. When the trope needs no assistance, the united glebe on the ceiling with no cog-wheel is sufficient. This reminds us of the bourgeois gentleman learning the vowels [540]: «A, E, I, O, I, O. That’s admirable!» No help is needed to think of (A, E, I, O, I, O- ¦¦¦¦-articulation).

Application to Baudelaire

Great writers seek out suitable sounds or they restrict themselves to making use of them. Rabelais writes about an abbey with numerous symbols [824]: «Au tour du boys de Theleme estoit un grand corps de maison…» (Around the woods of Theleme there was a large main building…) It is possible to see a play on words in French here but we would hesitate to use a substitute, (F-Thélème-¦¦¦¦-S- tel aime) (F-Theleme-/-S-I like such things), or an agglomerate: (F-Thélème-¦¦¦¦-S-il aime cela) (F- Theleme-/-S-he likes that) [854]. We can appreciate the use of deep, low sounds “o”, “ou”, “oi”, “e”, “è”, “oi”, “un”, “an”, “o”, “e”, “ai”, “on” which evoke the hunt, an idea which is reinforced by the play on “corps”, a body, main part and “cor” a (hunting) horn. This reminds us of «…de confuses paroles;
L'homme y passe à travers des forêts de symboles
Qui l'observent…» (…confused words;/There man passes through forests of symbols/Which observe him with familiar eyes.) Baudelaire also uses many “i’s” and is not afraid of repeating the “L’s” as shown in the link «piliers
Laissent» (pillars/Let) in «La Nature est un temple où de vivants piliers
Laissent parfois sortir…» (Nature is a temple where living pillars/Let forth at times…) This could encourage the consideration of intellectual agility, carried as far as a taste for the «Vast» and the free. A feeling of space comes from blinding light as well as from darkness, and then forms and colours disappear in both cases in the same unity «…Vast as the night and as the light…»

§404
· Braid
Theory

The braids are actions on the tenures within the reps. They are given the symbols: a-, f-, j-, t-, r-. The fining (a-) suppresses something concrete, not linked to anything else, with a missing part we cannot fail to recognize: “liberty, gality, fraternity”. Next there is the casting (f-) which acts by interrupting, uniting or selecting, but keeping intact the order imagined for the tumulus: “a painintheback”, “he fellill”. The juggling (j-) is an exchange modifying the original order: “she was surprised by the exbihition”. The subsidence (t-) adds, enlarges or invents: “he collapsed, so there, boom”. Finally there is the recovery (r-): “She could not bear to see the bear suffer”.

Application to Baudelaire

If we imagine that line 11 begins with a cry “-a”, we can suppose the casting “-a nd” with the two sounds “a” and “nd” in their original order.

Method

In paragraph 17, we stated that word play would be set aside for the time being, but by extending the calculations a quantity of plausibility can now be given to many of these kinds of joke. Far from rejecting a respected usage which has given the various tropes their many erudite names, we will merely regroup them. It is worth mentioning some of the categories already known. The calligram uses typography to represent the form of an object, for example, a text celebrating wine in the shape of a bottle [307]. Obtrusive peregrinism is seen in [351]“well done, you have avalled your tablet!” Diaphora is repetition such as [317]-[570]: «The heart has its reasons which reason knows not…» while antanaclasis describes a repetition with a change in meaning such as [294]: “While we live, let us live”. “Would you expect it of her, her?” is echolalia; and “in the hall it was hot, it was hot in the hall” is reversion [318]-[362]. Alliteration can be illustrated with “a peck of pickled peppers”; and battology with “He wants my job but he won’t get my job” [291]-[300]. Epiphora is seen in “you are rude young fellow, it is unacceptable young fellow”; triplication in “a strange, strange stranger”; and palilogia in “in Aberdeen it was cold, cold, cold, cold” [327]-[361]-[374]. The echo effect is heard in “Go fetch the bread, Mildred”; and harmony in “the rough and rugged rock” [319]-[331]. “Peter paid plenty for piping. Plenty for piping paid Peter” is verbigeration; and “to be given leave on leave”, a counter pleonasm [315]-[375]-[376]. Anaphora is such as “just as the stars, just as the sun” [293]. Antepiphora is the repetition of a line at the beginning and end of a stanza [295]. When a strong sign introduces no ambiguity there is underlining: “how stunning -to everyone (yes, really)- she seemed this evening”; insertion: “she finds it difficult, being so exuberant, to stay in her room” [323]-[364]. Tmesis [373]: “think of me what and whenever your mission”. Tactism [371]: “fiercely, for hours, to dig, the soil, grey, dry, yes”. Apposition [298]-[569]: «Cleopatra’s nose, had it been shorter, the whole face of the earth would have been changed.» The flow of words is also broken in the enjambment [324]-[458]: «Is it already he? It is in the secret
stair.» Combinatorial rules apply in the following types: -syntactic interference: “sure the keep mayor you of side right the on make”; -permutation: “visny Letterkenit” [303]-[353]. Spoonerism [314]: “the queer old dean”. Cross-over [309]: “a dog’s wages and a starvation life”. Omission and addition are included in the following cases. Haplography [330]: “your maternal solitude touches me greatly”. Spelling [325]: “hello, is that Mary?…No, it’s Maria with an "a"”. Grammatical syllepsis [367]: “his boat and his riches is sinking”. Substitution [365]: “the music teacher left a note to say she had gone Chopin”. Deliberate anacoluthon [292]: “sportsmen found guilty of taking drugs -are they to be banned?” Boustrophedon is a type of bi-directional text [301]: “William eraepsekahS”. Head-to-tail [372]: “it was her lost purse that made her so angry”. Deliberate solecism [363]: “we was surprised”. Syncope [369]: “The bo’sun "ll get the cat o’nine tails"”. Crasis [316]: “yes, ma’am”. Lexical interference [302]: “Harcules kid nat slip eny moor enspate eff hes tridmess”. Brutal symbolism [368]: “PI, the great calculus”. Epenthesis [326]: “drawring”. Prosthesis [359]: “he has estyle”. Over punctuation [358]: “so, that’s it, so much for progress!!!???” Cacophony [305]: “a harsh slap and brutal clang”. Excessive links between words [342]: “her sister’s-ssssss-apple”. Pictogramme [355]: “a new  rose in the night sky”. The progressive influence of context on a word seems to require too much time or space, and similarly devices in which the ambiguity is not firmly and physically fixed are not suitable [337]-[366]: “a bottle of cider to himself, that is what makes a nine year-old drunk”.

§405
· Gather
Theory

The layers of language within the glebes are called gathers and to define them, the names of sounds or letters, such as “the i” must be excluded. Once this precaution has been taken, three gathers remain: basic (b-), medium (m-), and high (h-). The basic gather (b-) relates to the most elementary things: emptiness, silence, mark of any freestone, non-linguistic sounds, drawing, onomatopoeia, underlining, distorted letters, accent or tone, unconventional signs, isolated symbols, consonants: thus the “g” removed from “engineer”. The medium gather (m-) appears in rapid diction, agglutinative writing, a vowel or a syllable which does not become a word. The high gather (h-) covers the rest, including even sentences.

Method

“Upperstanding paintings” is an action of the high gather type since “Upper” replaces "Out".

Application to Baudelaire

It is often said that Baudelaire was ahead of his time morally but such a diagnosis needs analysing. Any precursor is active within a narrow population band in which very fragile acquired convictions are exchanged and from where the really important advances will come. This in no way condemns Rousseau’s famous statement, which recognized both the eventuality of the requisite driving effect on which any political system must be founded, and the sense of statistical calculation [879]: «It is the people who make up the human race; those who are not of the people are so few they are not worth counting.» A substantial impetus only comes once a historical find has been made, if it contains enough truth for many people to accept it. Those clinging to the previous vague notions form a group in themselves and moreover follow the hitherto accepted moral code. A writer, excluded from his previous circle, institutes a new group which then competes with the old one, and he seems thus to sever all links with his former entourage. However, history shows there have been hundreds of people excluded from societies who have founded new but similar movements of whatever kind. An observer who sees something unusual in one context may be unaware that it is common elsewhere. Something that with a first layer of facts appears to lead to disorder, fits back in with the established order with a second layer. In so far as at first there is a lack of any perfect idea in the field concerned, it is vague, intuitive thoughts, exchanged in a restricted environment, which bring others, and so on, until major discoveries are made. In Europe, at about the time "the Flowers of Evil" anthology was published, a gradual change in social mores had created a climate into which a provocative but grandiose sensuality would soon make its appearance. Among other things, in literature a taste developed for Omar Khayyam, an 11th century Persian poet, some of whose poems remind us of those of Baudelaire [428]: «He who built both earth and heavens,
What sorrow did he pour down on our unhappy souls!
Hair the colour of musk, ardent lips of ruby,
That he buried in the dust of his breast!»

§406
· Logs and composites
Theory

The gather plus the braid together give the log, which helps to define the reps. With several figures of this type based closely together, and with the same level of individual plausibility, a composite figure is formed, with the sign (/-¦¦¦¦-/). In certain cases, pieces come from several logs, as in “they were hudcovring up” in which the words were separated into pieces some of which were then reassembled, giving a combination of three castings. The subject of the present calculation is found in the reps and composite figures.

Method

The five braids, fining, casting, juggling, subsidence and recovery, link up with the 3 gathers, basic, medium and high. Together they give 15 logs, since ((5)(3))=15. They are noted thus: I (a-b-); II (a- m-); III (a-h-); IV (f-b-); V (f-m-); VI (f-h-); VII (j-b-); VIII (j-m-); IX (j-h-); X (t-b-); XI (t-m-); XII (t-h-); XIII (r-b-); XIV (r-m-); XV (r-h-).

Application to Baudelaire

Using cog-wheels, we can write (F-au "Lion d'Or"/-¦¦¦¦-/S-au lit on dort) (F-at the "Golden Lion"/-/-/S-in bed one sleeps) in relation to a play on words we can find in the writing of Abbé Prévost [811]: «J'arrivais de Londres à Calais, avec le marquis de…, mon élève. Nous logeâmes, si je m'en souviens bien, au "Lion d'Or"…» (I had come from London, arriving in Calais with the Marquis of…, my pupil. We put up, if I remember rightly, at the "Golden Lion"…) (The name of the inn, "au "Lion d'Or"" [At The Golden Lion], is pronounced in French in the same way as the phrase "au lit on dort" [in bed one sleeps].) Sleep, as well as sickness, disturbs thought sufficiently to be conducive to involuntary verbal changes which then provide an abundance of material for the poet once he has recovered his senses. Old ideas can then enrich the mind, such as that making a dwelling-place of the temple. Ulysses’ companions found asylum in the house of a sorceress [453]: «Let us begin by landing our ship, stow our goods and tackle in the caves; then all of you, prepare yourselves to come to Circe’s house; in her temple, come to see again our companions who, eating and drinking, have everything without measure.»

§407
· Basic level fining
Theory

The log a-b-, with a basic fining, removes from the text, or whatever accompanies it, a linguistic or other element, something less than the syllable or the vowel. It can be seen in “this patient is still uffering”.

Method

The voice can sometimes imitate animal noises and this phenomena can be classed as a basic gather in that it is simply a non-verbal form of expression.

Application to Baudelaire

The poet says of his cat [[1016]] in Index II (Poems)">[[1016]]: «When he mews, one scarcely hears him,

So tender and discreet his tone;
But whether purring or growling,
His voice is ever mellow and deep.

That voice, like drops which filter,
Down into my darkest depths,
Fills me like well-balanced line of verse…» In Paris, the natural forces observing man are just such familiar or household pets [[1020]] in Index II (Poems)">[[1020]]: «Fervent lovers and austere scholars
Equally in their mature years love
Powerful and gentle cats, pride of the home,
Seeking, like them, warmth and indolence.»

§408
· Medium fining
Theory

The medium fining (a-m-) requires at least one syllable or vowel to be removed, as long as it does not constitute a word. Such a figure would be “familiar eys”.

Method

If the shed is to be respected, the forms (a-b-) and (a-m-) cannot apply to “they used to verload the poor donkey” since the "o" that has been taken from “overload” is pronounced in the same way as “owe” and so must be taken as a full word. There is no difficulty in accepting this artifice since it is in keeping with such riddles as “the best wood to tilize is what is missing”.

Application to Baudelaire

Baudelaire talks of other substances [[1147]] in Index II (Poems)">[[1147]]: «Often, in the red glow of a streetlight,
The flame and glass whipped by the wind,
In the muddy labyrinth of some old part of town,
Where humanity swarms in stormy turbulence,

A ragman is seen to come, nodding his head,
Stumbling and bumping against the walls like a poet,
And spurning police informers, his subjects,
Pours out his heart in glorious schemes.

Swearing oaths, dictating sublime laws,
He strikes down the wicked, raises up the victim,
And under the firmament like a canopy suspended
Grows drunk on the splendours of his own virtue.

Yes, these people harassed by domestic strife,
Ground down by labour, tormented by age,
Their backs bent under foul burdens,
Murky vomit of sumptuous Paris,

Return, smelling of the wine cask,
Followed by companions bleached in battle,
Their moustaches drooping like old flags;
Banners, flowers and triumphal arches

Rise before them in solemn magic!
And in this deafening, dazzling orgy
Of bugles, drums, sun and voices raised,
They bring glory to a people drunk with love!

And so throughout frivolous humanity
Wine flows like Pactolus with streams of gold…»

§409
· High fining
Theory

The high fining (a-h-) requires one or more words to be suppressed. For a successful rep, prior knowledge of the expression is at least useful. To understand the meaning of “They have no bread? Let them eat…”, one must call to mind the flippant remark attributed to a certain Queen of France concerning the desires of her people in the throes of revolution, allegedly drunk with their newfound power [312]- [873].

Method

Another form of insinuation comes when only the beginning of a word is spoken, lingering over it and suggesting the audience should be capable of supplying the rest: “a monarchy expresses a desire for decisions to be made at high speeee…” Saussure also shows that word play is encouraged by a resemblance between terms [902]-[903]: «in the revolutionary court, a woman was asked if she had not said before witnesses that a king was needed; she replied that “she was not talking of a "king" (roi) such as Capet or any other, but of a "spinning wheel" (rouet).”»

Application to Baudelaire

Those with a traditional education regarded with horror the time of the abolition of the monarchy, as certain of the poet’s remarks suggest [704]: «Monkeys are the republicans of Art, and the present state of painting is the result of an anarchic freedom which glorifies the individual, however weak, to the detriment of any groupings, that is, schools.» The idea is completed by a declaration by de Tocqueville [959]: «There are people who have not been afraid of asserting that, in its own affairs, a people can never overstep the boundaries of justice and reason, and that in this way we should not fear giving power to the majority representing them. But this is the language of the slave.» The moral background of this kind of judgement in politics was for the philosopher [958]«…impious and detestable…»

§410
· Basic casting
Theory

The basic casting (f-b-) operates on an elementary, concrete level, such as in “we surpri sed them”, and does not change the sequence adhered to by the tumulus. In the acrostic, the log (f-b-) works by selection. The first letter of each line is linked to all the others, and for someone following the order of the poem, a verbal segment is formed vertically on the left. If a minority of vowels is used, the shed allows such a log to be seen here. With fewer consonants, there will be a medium casting.

Method

Since we can add “I did it”, a fining can be seen in this verbal exchange in Molière [482]: «"But I think, Agnes, if my memory holds true,
That I forbade you from seeing anyone."
"Yes; but when I saw him, you do not know why;
And you would have done, no doubt, as much as I."» The countless ways of manoeuvring terms enable us to imagine quite easily some sort of code, but all cleverly encrypted messages have been excluded from the rep because these would involve science and this is not possible in the confines of this study which deals only with work of imagination as such. Secrets can be mistakenly imagined in the abundant internal sounds of language. Saussure, in dialogue with himself, fighting his propensity to find numerous proper nouns hidden in classical poetry, thought also that the probability of this being the case was not high [940] «"Objection": Chance can do it all in three lines. "Reply": that is false, and the best proof of that is that half the anagrams that we think are true cannot often be realized in fewer than six lines or more. "Reply": Then, and if you do not restrict yourself to three lines, the chances accumulate to such a degree that anything becomes possible.»

Application to Baudelaire

In „Correspondences“, a message based on numerical indications has been sought, although the sonnet is vague regarding quantities for many of the objects named: correspondences, pillars, words, forests, symbols, eyes, echoes, perfumes, colours, sounds, flesh, children, oboes, meadows, things, transports. Unity is referred to in the sixth line and applies to Nature, temple, man, night, light, expansion, amber, musk, benzoin, incense, mind. The word «perfumes» is used twice. There are three pairs: dark and profound; night and light; mind and senses; and two groups of three: perfumes, colours, sounds; cool; sweet, green. There are four perfumes: amber, musk, benzoin and incense. «Like» and «as» together occur seven times. Moreover, it is difficult to know whether we should count flesh, oboes, meadows; or flesh, children, oboes, meadows; or perfumes, flesh, children, oboes, meadows. It is difficult to give any credit to claims by numerologists that they have found a meaning hidden in this complex numerical maze.

§411
· Medium casting
Theory

The medium casting (f-m-) only tackles fusions and conserves the order of the tumulus, as seen in: “he has lostmuch”.

Method

Imagining figures everywhere is an error similar to that of basing judgements on personal feelings combined with general prejudices. Astrology had already earned this injunction from La Fontaine [484]: «Charlatans, devisers of horoscopes,
Leave the Courts of the Princes of Europe…»

Application to Baudelaire

Even a carefully written text can be open to irrational interpretation and Baudelaire’s poem has been subject to this, in spite of its classical French form. The lines have 12 syllables and, with the caesura at the hemistich, enjoy the traditional 6-6 symmetry. The sonnet is divided into 4 stanzas of 4, 4, 3 and 3 lines, making 14 in total. In the original French, four lines have 10 compartments, three, 9, two each 8 and 7, three 6, and the title is a single word. Of these 116 compartments, there are 8 without a pronounced syllable: “L', l', d', d', l', l', l', l'”. There are 56 compartments containing one: “La, est, un, temple, où, de, de, homme, y, passe, à, des, de, Qui, des, de, longs, qui, de, loin, se, Dans, et, la, nuit, et, la, Les, les, et, les, sons, se, Il, est, des, frais, des, chairs, Doux, les, verts, les, Et, et, des, le, musc, le, et, Qui, les, de, et, des, sens”. The compartments containing two pronounced syllables number 42: “Nature, vivants, piliers, Laissent, parfois, sortir, paroles, travers, forêts, symboles, avec, regards, Comme, échos, confondent, une, profonde, Vaste, comme, comme, clarté, parfums, couleurs, répondent, parfums, comme, enfants, comme, hautbois, comme, prairies, autres, riches, Ayant, choses, Comme, ambre, benjoin, encens, chantent, transports, esprit”. Those with 3 spoken syllables total 8: “confuses, observent, familiers, ténébreuse, unité, corrompus, triomphants, infinies”. Two words have 4: “Correspondances, expansion”. Once the title has been removed, we have 115 compartments, giving (8(0))=0; (56(1))=56; (42(2))=84; (8(3))=24; (1(4))=4. The total number of syllables is 0+56+84+24+4=168, making 12 syllables for 14 lines, that is (12(14))=168. The title contains 15 letters and the author could have removed the final “S” to make it correspond to the number of lines. However, just as a superstitious commentator may invent any number of imagined meanings, a magic key can be sought among all the possible combinations of the letters of the poem.

§412
· High casting
Theory

The action of the high casting (f-h-) is at word level, giving the composite “satonawallhadagreatfall”. The ease of recognizing the nursery rhyme does not entirely compensate for the extremely rapid pronunciation of the clump of words, so maintaining the status of intrusion for this play on words.

Method

The shed plays its role again in “the poet’s owed” if we replace “wed” with “de”, giving “ode”, a high gather: “the poet’s ode”. With “the workhouse of his dreams”, the noun “work” has an adjectival function. Since different idioms are not equally flexible as far as word construction is concerned, it should not be imagined that an independent border exists between tropes of this kind.

Application to Baudelaire

The original correspondence was interrupted [105]: «And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech. And it came to pass, as they journeyed from the east, that they found a plain in the land of Shinar; and they dwelt there. And they said one to another, Go to, let us make brick, and burn them thoroughly. And they had brick for stone, and slime had they for morter. And they said, Go to, let us build us a city and a tower, whose top may reach unto heaven; and let us make us a name, lest we be scattered abroad upon the face of the whole earth. And the Lord came down to see the city and the tower, which the children of men builded. And the Lord said, Behold, the people is one, and they have all one language; and this they begin to do: and now nothing will be restrained from them, which they have imagined to do. Go to, let us go down, and there confound their language, that they may not understand one another’s speech.» It was necessary to go beyond this, in order to spread the true faith among the nations [152]: «And when the day of Pentecost was fully come, they were all with one accord in one place. And suddenly there came a sound from heaven as of a rushing mighty wind, and it filled all the house where they were sitting. And there appeared unto them cloven tongues like as of fire, and it sat upon each of them. And they were all filled with the Holy Ghost, and began to speak with other tongues, as the Spirit gave them utterance.»

§413
· Basic level juggling
Theory

The basic juggling (j-b-) changes the place of letters or sounds that do not contain vowels, such as “the terrible task of lolting the bells was given to that strapping lad”.

Method

“He went skating at the ink” remains a fining but “he went skating in the link because his skates had no laces” is a juggling as “L” has replaced “R”.

Application to Baudelaire

The rep, which gives much value to substances, opens up the field to many subjective reactions and beliefs, just as with paintings, one person sees a bird of prey in the Mona Lisa’s dress while another sees only the folds of the material near the left arm [195]. It may be the skillful signature of an artist who wants to have his genius recognized, but the person interpreting the painting must be careful not to project his or her own imaginings into the image. The risks of error are just as large in the illustrations of poetry. According to Pierre Marillaud, the expression, «la dame de pique» (the Queen of Spades) referred to in one of Baudelaire’s poems, means “la dame d'Aupick”, the poet’s mother’s name after her marriage to Baudelaire’s step-father [521]-[[1121]] in Index II (Poems)">[[1121]]. In the same way that painting calls for more than games, poetry can incorporate some word games, but acts also on a higher level [[1005]] in Index II (Poems)">[[1005]]: «When, by decree from the powers supreme,
The Poet takes his place in this weary world,
His horrified mother, blasphemy on his lips
Raises clenched fists to God who looks down in pity…

But guarded by an invisible angel,
The deprived child grows drunk on the sun,
And in all he drinks and all he eats
He finds ambrosia and rosy nectar.

He plays with the wind, talks to the clouds,
Elated as he sings of the Way of the Cross,
And the spirit following his pilgrimage
Weeps to see him glad as the birds in the field.»

§414
· Medium juggling
Theory

The medium juggling (j-m-) concerns a vowel or syllable that does not constitute a word and changes the accepted order of the tumulus. Thus “he loved listening to the bbishru spoken in the pub” gives us the pattern (F-bbishru-¦¦¦¦-S-rubbish).

Method

A play on words based on missing elements gives “You’ll gu, won’t you?” We can also write “she tries not to pay attuntion to mech” or (F-u, e-¦¦¦¦-S-e, u). This procedure also relates to the musical side of language, without actually touching fully on versification methods.

Application to Baudelaire

The bases of the rep are so simple that they were easy to discover but their use often remains limited to distractions. In literature as in the pictorial arts, there is a risk of taking for an improvement a loss of technique. Baudelaire gave this warning to his contemporaries [715]: «Anyone visiting the World Fair with the preconceived idea of finding in Italy, the offspring of Da Vinci, Raphaël and Michelangelo, in Germany the spirit of Dürer or in Spain the soul of Zubarán and Velasquez, is destined to be needlessly surprised. I have neither the time nor sufficient knowledge perhaps, to find out which rules displace artistic vitality, and why God dispossesses nations sometimes for a while, sometimes for ever; I will content myself with observing a fact that is very frequent in history. We are living in a century in which certain banalities have to be repeated, in a proud century which believes itself to be above the misfortunes of Greece and Rome.»

§415
· High juggling
Theory

The high juggling (j-h-) changes the order of words: “Victor Flaubert and Gustave Hugo”, “the heroic dress of the red soldier”. A marked contrast gives “in his wood, he ate mostly rabbits and √”.-///M-///Many artists saw jokes as barriers to gaining access to the most important significances of their time, or feared that they would be considered crude and vulgar.

Application to Baudelaire

In his major texts, even when dealing with the worst criminal “milieu”, Baudelaire seeks the saving dynamism behind the infamy [[1092]] in Index II (Poems)">[[1092]]: «The rages of boxers, the impudence of the faun,
You who could conjure up the beauty of boors,
A great heart puffed up with pride, a feeble and yellow man,
Puget, melancholy convicts’ emperor…» Imagining a conversation, Balzac noted [66]: «There is the legacy of Cain and Abel, as you said at times. Cain, in the great drama of Humanity, is opposition. You are descended from Adam by that line in which the devil has continued to add fuel to the flames, the first sparks of which fell on Eve. Among the demons of this line of descent, are sometimes found terrible ones, combining physical and mental toughness, which symbolize all human forces and which resemble those feverish desert animals who need the vast expanses there to live.» Napoleon thought that his name meant «the lion of the desert» [497]. Baudelaire was also worried about the past [[988]] in Index II (Poems)">[[988]]: «Race of Cain, mount to the skies,
And throw God down to earth.» Heine generalizes his observations on power, to surmount the divide between good and evil [430]: «The art of fencing, says a contemporary author, does not exist for young giants, since they repulse all parries.»

§416
· Basic subsidence
Theory

The basic subsidence (t-b-) consists of an addition which does not directly replace anything and concerns any mark of a freestone, sound, consonant, unusual sign or elementary sound. It may seem purely decorative: “she is so overbworked, has she any time for us?” A similar effect comes from the trope “the storm caused many cries and * without ceasing”. In this field, it is easy to use onomatopoeia: “she fell in, splosh”. This recourse to the physical often makes people smile, but it is accompanied after a moment’s thought by a connotation and in this way the mental exercise embellishes our grasp of the intrusion.

Application to Baudelaire

The hyphen in the eleventh line of the poem leads us to expect a reversal or turnaround, accentuated by the rolling sound of «corrompus» (corrupt) in French. We find this reversal from good to evil in Bronzino’s „Judith“. The artist contrasts the sweet face of the heroine, at the top of the painting with the severed head of Holofernes in the lower half. The aesthete may in such cases want to impede the obvious meaning and Musset gives us an example of this [141]-[546]: «…But who can forget that false Judith,
And in the white hand of a faithless mistress
The head that on dying Allori suspended there?»

Method

As in science, the essential is surrounded by a commentary, which shows sufficiently the links between cultural activities. Desanti insisted on the sharing of the tasks of knowledge, as [264]: «Any awareness of an object refers back to the sequence of motivations, actions that maintain the unity of the object in its field…» The meaning given to the various aspects and the possibility of an overall view should therefore be continually reexamined [265]: «Thus a second discourse unfolds close to the objects concerned…»

§417
· Medium subsidence
Theory

The medium subsidence (t-m-) adds to a passage a vowel or syllable not likely to form a word on its own. This gives “the doctor is too takeun up with his gout to treat my cold!”

Method

The first two gathers inevitably suggest things related to the word, as it is only the word itself which can give a clear picture since linguistic coding is only distinct when the sound makes us think of an object.

Application to Baudelaire

The «forests of symbols» inhabit also the thousands of diffuse hints and insinuations that surround sounds and words, in what Merleau-Ponty has defined as [476]: «…the immense tissue of speech.» Cross-references make up a chain linking the sheets with the cemetery [[1029]] in Index II (Poems)">[[1029]]: «Debauch, when will your vile arms come to bury me?
Oh Death, rival of her charms, when will you come,
To graft your cypress on her rotting myrtle boughs?» Venus adores a sacrifice [[1014]] in Index II (Poems)">[[1014]]: «Oh Beauty, harsh scourge of souls, you want it so!
With eyes of fire, flashing bright as feasts,
Burn to cinders these scraps spared by the beasts!» The tender pink of flesh is often hated for its result, and the raw green of spring’s rebirth corresponds to this [637]: «I have even always thought that in flourishing and rejuvenated "Nature", there was something impudent and appalling.»

§418
· High subsidence
Theory

The high subsidence, indicated by (t-h-), uses an added word or symbol which appears of no use: “his stated intention of proceeding by stages, 1, 2…13 etc. is designed merely to make us forget his lack of any real goal”.

Method

The rep, like many figures of speech, is largely a matter of a contrast with the ordinary sequence of words and so it must be asked whether the opposition in question comes from the meaning or the physical representation. In “you must be right castle”, the ending appears to be arbitrary, which makes the result clear. On the other hand, “he found his luggage in the missing room” suggests some abstract play on words as two meanings come from the words used: “lost property” and “waiting room”. As each intrusion is formed from a considerable concrete mass, going off at a tangent into intellectual ambiguity would take us far from the essential meaning. To determine a series of objects, their distinctive outward appearance needs first to be established, as Aristotle succeeds in doing with reasoning made up of three propositions [22¹]. In a similar way, it was an advantage for Linnaeus, the Swedish naturalist who established the differences in the sexes of plants as the starting point of a rational classification system, that sexual reproduction cannot be found among minerals, but only in living beings. [910]-[911]-[916].

Application to Baudelaire

Independently of anything concerning distance on the one hand and on the other the classification of intrusions, the reps are described using only the technique intended, even if only vaguely, by the author, so as not to confuse the discussion. Heine emphasized how difficult it is to handle the desire for beauty [429]: «The major mistake arises from the question the critic always asks: what should the artist do? It would be much better to say: what does the artist want? Or even, what inspiration did he feel obliged to obey? This question, what should the artist do, was invented by that sort of philosopher of art who, without any poetry of their own, abstracted for their personal use facts and memories from various masterpieces, used already existent things to draw up rules for the future, divided up the categories and genres and imagined definitions and principles. They did not know that such abstractions can in any case only serve to judge imitation; and that every original artist, each new genius must be judged on his own aesthetics which come into existence at the same time as his work.»

§419
· Basic recovery
Theory

The basic recovery (r-b-) uses a simple repetition of a sound, graph or consonant, such as is seen in “existence has thousands of asspects”.

Method

A composite can be justified for “life posssssesses a hundred sides” since it would be comical to attempt to distinguish all such figures with the argument that every time a new “S” occurs it should receive special treatment. In the same way, the plausibility for “the crrow crroaked” will be the object of a single evaluation.

Application to Baudelaire

A particular diction can renew a heap, as in “Natture is a ttemple…” which suggests a military drumming sound. Something menacing can be imagined in “…corrrrupt, rrich and trriumphant…” Great art does not exclude the imitation of reality by the use of sounds, as witnessed by the ¨Pastoral Symphony¨, in particular the storm. However any grotesque deformation of „Correspondences“ will be avoided so as not to risk harming the verse in question permanently. Fanciful musical distortions of great historical achievements show unintentionally that the comical, by leaving a lasting imprint on the memory, can be a long-lasting hindrance to our appreciation of what is best in difficult productions.

§420
· Medium recovery
Theory

The medium recovery (r-m-) uses a vowel or syllable incapable of forming a word. It can be seen in “a hard-fought viictory”.

Method

The pun “you can tune a guitar but you can’t tuna fish” is not in this category, because “tune” and “a” are pronounced words [226].

Application to Baudelaire

Comparing literature with music, by the interplay of sounds, leads to seeing many details that link the two spheres. In an instant of coexistence, several notes played at the same time make up a chord or produce a harmony [880]-[882]. The melody presents the sound in a changing series [883]. In between the two is the arpeggio, in which the changes are so rapid that the sound appears to be linked [881]. The forest of sounds also resembles a tapestry in which the vertical warp and the horizontal weft threads intertwine with each other. Plato also saw the well-governed city as united by internal correspondences, similar to those in weaving [755]. Furthermore, individuals who deliberately and excessively stand out from the crowd, ruin the community, according to Aristotle [35]. Baudelaire affirms that artistic schools and movements decline as a result of the same fault [704]: «This glorification of the individual has required an infinite division of the territory of art. The absolute and divergent liberty of the individual, the division of effort and the fractioning of human will have led to this weakness, this doubt and this poverty of expression; a few eccentrics, sublime and unhappy, can hardly compensate for this disorder riddled with mediocrity.»

§421
· High recovery
Theory

In the high recovery (r-h-), the same word or expression occurs several times. The result may be vagueness, but also ridiculousness, depending on the context.

Method

Aeschylus uses this procedure to convey apprehension [382]: «I am frightened of obeying,
I am frightened of saying openly
such things one hides from one’s friends.» According to Racine, the same intellectual fixity produces a whole series of emotional reactions [828]: «…I saw him, I flushed, I went pale at the sight of him…»

Application to Baudelaire

Spleen also can be expressed through repetition [[1061]] in Index II (Poems)">[[1061]]: «I have sometimes seen, at the back of an ordinary theatre,
Fired up by a noisy orchestra,
A fairy light up in a hellish sky
A miraculous dawn;
I have sometimes seen, at the back of an ordinary theatre

A being made up only of light, gold and gauze,
Lay low the great Satan;
But my heart, never visited by ecstasy
Is a theatre where one waits
For ever -for ever in vain- the Being with wings of gauze!» Much patience is needed [[1027]] in Index II (Poems)">[[1027]]: «I envy the fate of the vilest of animals
Who can plunge into a stupid sleep,
So slowly does the tangled skein of time unwind!»

§422
· Connectors
Theory

The connector is a buffer which has the effect of completely invalidating the obstacle of distance. The first kind of connector is seen in a reference of the type “this was mentioned in paragraphs 1 and 28”. The second variety is less easy to see and we call it a hardener. It is limited to uniting two words or symbols and cannot be extended to the immediate context. We see it in action when, without any explicit cross-reference, two declarations with something in common are placed decisively so that the public is lead to link the two notions.

Method

Marcel Proust’s „In Search of Lost Time“ begins with the phrase «For a long time I went to bed early.» The enormously lengthy narrative ends with «in Time.» As has often been remarked, the particular position of these two expressions gives them a unifying path, since critics can imagine that in spite of the three thousand pages that separate them, their creator must have made a conscious decision to conclude his narrative as he had begun, by evoking a length of time [812]-[813]-[814]-[815]. Although suffering from chronic respiratory disease, the author, a man with a profound aesthetic sense, was sufficiently free from material worries, to spend much of his considerable leisure time elaborating his turns of phrase with great care, and so it must be admitted that a hardener connects «a long time» and «Time».

Application to Baudelaire

Once this remark has been made, we no longer feel the need to reject every rep with a large internal distance, making it easier to approach many poems [[1042]] in Index II (Poems)">[[1042]]: «The Living Torch

They walk before me, those eyes full of light,
That a very wise Angel doubtless magnetized;
They walk, those divine brothers who are my brothers,
My gaze suspended from their diamond sparkling flames.

Saving me from all snares and all deadly sins,
They lead my steps in Beauty’s path;
They are my servants and I am their slave;
All my being obeys that living torch.

Charming Eyes, you shine with the mystic light
Of altar candles burning in daylight; the sun
Reddens, but does not put out their fabulous flame;

They celebrate Death, you sing of Awakening;
Singing the awakening of my soul you walk,
Flames of stars the sun cannot cause to fade.»

§423
· Hindrances to plausibility
Theory

Cases of illusion could tend to make us imagine the presence of rep even though this figure belongs to coded messages, poetic constructions, mistakes in writing, results of accidents and habitual applications. In the same way, oral accents, which seem intrusive, have nothing in common with the sought-for trope most of the time. A series of criteria to prevent any misunderstanding is therefore necessary to identify the plausibility of the turns of phrase in question.

Method

A sudden ornament can appear to be an intrusion within the initial character shown by a long page of text, but this is no longer the case when the social imperative of systematically illuminating a famous work exists.

Application to Baudelaire

Baudelaire adores expressions which result in an embarrassed attention, such as “the flowers of evil”, which make the reader hesitate in astonishment, what could be called «bomb-shell titles» [645]. He even invents some neologisms [687]-[688]-[689]: «arriéristes» (behinders), «étudieur» (studier), «articliers» (articlers). For onomatopoeia, he recognizes its price from the moment that the summit of the art is foregone, and he intended to use in a future play the following song [638]: «Nothing is as-z-nice,-
Fonfru-Cancru-Lon-La-Lahira-
Nothing is as-z-nice
As the Pit Sawyer.» Baudelaire saw his «vulgar drama» animated by the ideas in the cantilena [639]: «Sing, Siren, sing,
Fanfru- Cancru-Lon-La-Lahira-
Sing, Siren, Sing,
You’re right to sing,

As you’ve all the sea to drink,
Fanfru-Cancru- Lon-La-Lahira-
As you’ve all the sea to drink,
And my truelove to eat!»

§424
· Manse
Theory

The size which measures the plausibility of the declaration “the creator wanted a rep or composite here” is called the manse. It has ten leavens in the denominator: 1/(õ)(ñ)(ã)(ù)(ò)(ì)(â)(û)(ô)(å). These are called (õ), conservatory; (ñ), chest; (ã), dresser; (ù), glaze; (ò), cartage; (ì), boss; (â), varnish; (û), headroom; (ô), surround; (å), combe. For “õ, ñ, ã”, read “o, n, a tilde”; and “å” is pronounced “a circle”. In the calculation, the notion of the rivet is again necessary in order to disregard any quantity below 1/16.

Method

Historical knowledge is indispensible in evaluating when a misunderstanding risks taking ordinary usage for a trope. “Repetitive” does not contain one, but “la fête à Neuneu” (the party at Neuneu) does because the expression comes from “la fête à Neuilly” (the party at Neuilly) [861]. It also proves important to examine the objectives sought. In this way, “he wearied them with a mournful monologue of monotonous enumerations” gives an impression of somnolence which justifies the suspicion that this was done consciously.

Application to Baudelaire

Unfortunately, the clues are often merely hinted at so they may be erroneously imagined through a lack of understanding of the text. What is more, one illusion runs the risk of leading to another. If we think we have discovered a play on «hautbois» (oboes) and “haut bois” which means “high woods” in “…doux comme les hauts bois…” (sweet as high woods) we will be inclined to split «prairies» into two also to give “…verts comme les prés rient…” (…green as the meadows laugh…) In small numbers the “ers” of a speaker are hardly noticed and do not compromise the eyelet, but this changes if he or she decides to use them on purpose. It is even more difficult to judge whether an impression is correct, such as that based on the number of “i’s” in French in this aesthetic speech of Baudelaire [690]: «Le "divin" Marat, un bras pendant hors de la baignoire et retenant mollement sa dernière plume, la poitrine percée de la blessure "sacrilège", vient de rendre le dernier soupir. Sur le pupitre vert placé devant lui sa main tient encore la lettre perfide: “Citoyen, il suffit que je sois bien malheureuse pour avoir droit à votre bienveillance.” L'eau de la baignoire est rougie de sang, le papier est sanglant; à terre gît un grand couteau de cuisine trempé de sang; sur un misérable support de planches qui composait le mobilier de travail de l'infatigable journaliste, on lit: “À Marat, David.” Tous ces détails sont historiques et réels, comme un roman de Balzac; le drame est là, vivant dans toute sa lamentable horreur, et par un tour de force étrange qui fait de cette peinture le chef-d'œuvre de David et une des grandes curiosités de l'art moderne, elle n'a rien de trivial ni d'ignoble.» (The "divine" Marat, one arm hanging out of the bath and weakly clutching his last pen, his breast pierced by the "sacrilegious" wound, has just breathed his last. On the green desk placed in front of him his hand still holds the treacherous letter: “Citizen, my great unhappiness gives me a right to your kindness.” The bath water is red with blood, the paper is bloodstained; on the floor lies a large, blood-soaked kitchen knife; on a poor stand of wooden planks on which the indefatigable journalist worked can be read: “To Marat, David”. All these details are historic and real, like a novel by Balzac; the drama is there, living in all its awful horror, and by a strange feat which has make this painting David’s masterpiece and one of the curiosities of modern art, it contains nothing trivial or ignoble.)

§425
· The conservatory leaven
Theory

The conservatory õ=1 measures the advantage of avoiding some dangers for the glebe. A heap which cannot achieve the level of a crib gives õ=2. The same goes for an alleged rep which does not reach the fifteen logs and does not provide a recognizable composite. When there is just one trope on its own, õ= 2 is appropriate too. Another situation making õ=1 impossible is when two speech systems become confused with each other. The amount õ=2 must be accepted also when there is a risk of taking for an intrusion the importance attached to something in the heap, because of the idea that a very small circle wants to convey. This value of õ=2 is all the more required if the audience is not prepared to understand the turn of phrase. If the context absorbs the figure, making it imperceptible or seemingly surmountable, õ=2 is once again justified.

Method

This case can arise with certain discreet onomatopoeiae. Between the extreme forms of this figure of speech, there are many subtle shades, and in general Saussure notes [904]«…they are only an approximate and already partly conventional imitation of certain noises (compare the French "ouaoua" and the German "wauwau").»

Application to Baudelaire

In the situation of an author combining several coding systems, it becomes risky to indicate what exactly is an intrusion in the midst of the whole. The Latin poem in "the Flowers of evil" is an exception, being the only one not in French, the normal language of the collection, but in turn the old Roman idiom gives an internal norm to this short text [[1046]] in Index II (Poems)">[[1046]]. The affection is tangible in it [[1047]] in Index II (Poems)">[[1047]]: «Oh captivating femininity
By whom all sins are absolved!

As from an obliging Lethe
I will drink my fill of your kisses…

Add now your potency to mine,
Oh soft-scented bath
Perfumed with sweet smells!» Gilson links these lines with a hymn [414]: «Jesus sweet memory
Who gives the heart true joy:
But whose sweet presence
Surpasses all sweetness.

We can sing of nothing more pleasant
We can hear nothing more charming
We can think of nothing sweeter
Than Jesus the son of God.

Jesus the hope of the penitent
As you are kind to those who pray to you,
As you are good to those who seek you,
But how is it for those who find you?» We see that Baudelaire admits to the pleasure of creating [675]: «It is a rare thing, this joy which breathes and dominates in the works of some famous writers, as Champfleury shrewdly noted with regard to Honoré de Balzac.»

§426
· Chest
Theory

For a conservatory of õ=1, the internal solidarity of meaning, contained in or suggested by the tenures, gives ñ=1. Equally if õ=1, ñ=1 applies if the rep is backed by a hardener. Such a buffer should be sought, not only with refrains but also with anything that imitates them. Without unity or connectors, since the internal distance of the glebe risks damaging the trope, the number (n) of fronts between the extremes of the turn of phrase has to be investigated, with the chest giving a quantity ñ=2+(1(n/10)). Furthermore with õ=2, ñ=2 can be accepted in a situation of continuity of speech, of a reminder, or when a hardener is present. With the other devices, ñ=2+(1(n/10)) proves to be the means of obtaining the desired leaven. There is no problem in dealing with the composites since (ñ) is evaluated as if the tenures all came together from a single rep.

Method

The conservatory overlaps the chest, appearing to be a clumsy construction in view of the simplicity of many of the figures of speech, but we deal constantly with appearances by means of such laborious artifices. Poincaré replied to those who inveighed against the awkwardnesses of reason [801]: «Yet since no painter has been able to create a portrait truly resembling the original, should we conclude that the best painting is to not paint?»

Application to Baudelaire

Sobs and laughter, with their tendency to repeat an elementary motif, provide an easy model for the rep. This level is not far from the instinctive and we find in it spontaneity linked to elaborate forms of wit. Germaine de Staël gives us this advice [931]: «As analysis can only examine by division it can be compared to autopsy with a scalpel, but it is a bad instrument for learning about living things…» The correspondences which link souls prolong this further, as Baudelaire shows when describing a couple he has invented [656]: «…Samuel took great care to return to her her handkerchief and her book which he found on a bench, and which she had not mislaid as she was nearby, watching the sparrows fighting over crumbs or looking as if she were contemplating the inner workings of the vegetation. As often happens between two beings whose destinies are bonded together, tuning their souls to each other, -engaging her in conversation quite abruptly,- he nevertheless had the strange pleasure of finding a person disposed to listen to him and reply to him.»

§427
· Dresser
Theory

The dresser (ã) equals 2 when the ceiling strongly threatens to be unfaithful to the sense of the glebe, seen after the whole heap. In (F-Correspondances/-¦¦¦¦-/S-Corps, responds, danse) (F- Correspondences/-/-/S-Body, respond, dance), the ceiling “Corps, responds, danse” (Body, respond, dance) seems so far from the rest of the poem that there is no difficulty in putting ã=2. On the other hand, a tenable commentary, especially with a buffer to back it up, justifies ã=1.

Method

It is certain that an excess of imagination on the part of the creator must not be excluded in advance, but it is generally accompanied by clues, and often the context makes a turn of phrase clear, as shown by the alliteration expressing Orestes’ vision of infernal deities [827]: «Pour qui sont ces serpents qui sifflent sur vos têtes?» (For whom are these snakes that hiss on your heads?)

Application to Baudelaire

To judge such a trope as being entirely inappropriate would be to misunderstand that great art is often accompanied by embarrassment, as Baudelaire carefully formulated [713]: «I would go even further, even if it displeases those over-proud sophists who have drawn all their knowledge from books, and, however delicate and difficult to express my idea may be, I have not given up hope of succeeding. "Beauty is always strange." I do not mean to say that it is deliberately and dispassionately strange, for in that case it would be a monster who had left the rails of life. I say that it always contains a little strangeness, a naïve strangeness, unconscious and unintentional, and it is this strangeness that makes it specifically Beauty. It is its registration, its characteristic. Turn the idea round the other way and try to conceive of "banal beauty!"»

§428
· Glaze
Theory

The glaze ù=2 is necessary when, apart from the intrusion itself, there is some clumsy turn of phrase, according to the criteria of the time, in the external presentation of the ceiling.

Application to Baudelaire

Some awkwardness within the glebe underlines the trope in concrete terms, but a similar awkwardness in the ceiling is detrimental to the seriousness of the commentary. Thus “…verts comme les prés rient…” (…green as the pastures laugh), achieved in French by splitting the word «prairies» (meadows) into two ("prés rient": pastures laugh) assumes an acute accent on “prés” (pastures), while the glebe «prairies» (meadows) is read with a grave accent “près rient”, giving ù=2 since the need to change the accent arouses suspicions.

Method

Victor Hugo, in „Boaz asleep“, gives a semblance of geographical invention [140]-[462]: «All was peaceful in Ur and Jerimadet…and Ruth wondered…» (Tout reposait dans Ur et dans Jérimadeth…et Ruth se demandait…) As the Lake of Gennesaret (or Sea of Galilee) has the reputation of having frequent storms, it would have been difficult to write “All was peaceful in Ur and Gennesaret…” The end of the line in French, «Jérimadeth», is often interpreted as “je rime à "dait"” (I rhyme with "dait") as Hugo, for the rhyme, attempts to obtain a sound to go with «demandait» (wondered) which comes afterwards [463]. Some people have also, less correctly, amused themselves with “je rime à dette” (I rhyme with debt) with the content “I use my imagination to fill in a lacuna on the historical level, becoming thus a debter to truth”. The final “T” is pronounced in «Génésareth» (Gennesaret) and so «demandait» (demanday) would have to be “demandaite” to be pronounced the same way. The author improves the rhyme in any case on a technical level with “Jérimaday-demanday” instead of “Génésareth-demanday”. «Jérimadeth» appears to have been a largely unknown word but it seems it would have been pronounced without sounding the final “T” to rhyme with «demandait» (demanday). It would be less easy to require «Génésareth» (Gennesaret) to be pronounced with a similar ending (Génésaray). Finally the last syllable begins with a “D” in each of Hugo’s lines (deth-dait), and not once with an “R” and once with a “D” (reth- dait). Jacques Truchet completes the documentation by pointing out that for some people «Jérimadeth» could be «…a way of writing "Jerahmeel"» and in this case, Hugo would have been serious and well- informed, a view which destroys the idea of a figure of speech [463]. What is more, for “je rime à "dait"” (I rhyme with "dait") the sound “je” is needed rather than “Jé”, which weakens the perspective plausibility of a potential rep and leads therefore, because of the awkwardness in the ceiling, to a conclusion of ù=2.

§429
· Cartage
Theory

The cartage (ò) can be equal to 2 in several cases. Firstly if a buffer shows that the creator is ignorant of, or hostile to, the supposed play on words. Next if historical information would make the imagined rep suspiciously anachronistic or gratuitous. Also in a situation in which is tenable that the author used certain continuous forms of versification, or even that he used some means to temporarily meet this aim. In the same way, ò=2 appears valid if the critics notice they lack knowledge to grasp the meaning of the glebe. Finally, ò=2 is applicable when a careless mistake or oversight may have occurred. The leaven is worth 1 in all other cases, in particular for a buffer favourable to the trope conceived.

Method

Let us look at (F-Bobo-¦¦¦¦-S-hurts) from the perspective opened up by “having suffered many hurts luckily we arrived at the Bobo’s”. «Bobo» meaning a hurt or wound in baby talk in French but also there being a people of the same name, the geographical context could make those who imagined a figure of speech hesitate as this could be a misinterpretation, encouraging the careful interpreter to ò=2 [805].

Application to Baudelaire

Sometimes a writer signals his intention to use a rep, as Baudelaire did with regard to the painting we have already mentioned, dealing with the assassination of the famous pamphleteer, Marat [691]: «The most surprising thing about this unusual poem, is that it was painted with extreme speed, and when we think of the beauty of the drawing, it is enough to disturb our minds. This is the bread of the strong and the triumph of spiritualism; cruel as nature, this painting has all the perfume of the ideal. What therefore was this ugliness that holy Death has so quickly wiped out with the tip of her wing? Marat can defy Apollo from now on as Death has just kissed him with her amorous lips, and he rests in the peace of his metamorphosis. In this work there is something both tender and poignant; in the cold air of the chamber, on those cold walls, around that cold and funereal bath, a soul flies about. Will you allow us, politicians of all parties, and you, fierce liberals of 1845, to be moved by David’s masterpiece? This painting is a gift to our weeping homeland, and our tears are not dangerous.»

§430
· Boss
Theory

The boss (ì) should be analysed based on a series of cases. For a glebe which allows a transition to the abstract, leading to a contradiction, an allusive form, an opposition or a pleonasm, (ì) is 2. Equally ì=2 when there is some ambiguity of construction in the words. In all other cases ì=1.

Method

For "the general said the colonel is a lion" ì=2, while “he conquered his canker” gives ì=1.

Application to Baudelaire

Reps often provoke laughter, an established social custom and behaviour which includes a sort of cry, song or call. Using the differences in the two sexes, the opposition between high and low voices is marked and the pleasure of being in intelligent company is heard. In this way people who have not understood what has provoked the laughter are excluded. Baudelaire notes [706]: «The unanimous agreement of the physiologists of laughter on the main reason for this monstrous phenomenon would suffice to show that comedy is one of man’s clearest satanic signs and one of the numerous pips in the symbolic apple. What is more, their discovery is not very profound and does not go very far. Laughter, they say, comes from superiority.» A difficult case is worth a few words [707]: «The laughter of children is like the blossoming of a flower. It is the joy of receiving, the joy of breathing, the joy of opening up, the joy of contemplating, of living, of growing. It is the joy of a plant. The smile, which seems to be the core of the phenomenon, is generally something akin to the wagging of a dog’s tail, the purring of a cat. However, it should be noted that if there is a difference between the laughter of children and expressions of animal contentment, it is because this laughter is not totally lacking in ambition, as suits little men, that is Satans in the making.»

§431
· Varnish
Theory

The varnish â=2 is appropriate if a lengthy learning process is necessary to change the linguistic code in order to understand the glebe in the sense of the ceiling, or if the operation requires a key that is impossible to reconstitute easily, and which the critics have obtained. The use of a cipher, an obscure idiom, these are all harmful to the quantities measuring the plausibility of the rep. Conversely, if there seems to be no threat of this type, â=1 applies. A play on words or ornament of some kind are not sufficient to give â=2 and a system, either on a high or common level, which exceeds the capacities of intuition, is required.

Method

A secret intended to make a certain message comprehensible and a cipher applicable throughout a long verbal segment come to one and the same thing in the field of reflection on difficult matters.

Application to Baudelaire

A very simple example of slang comes from Balzac [70]: «"Ne fais pas de regoût sur ton dab!" (Don’t make out your chief is shady)…» Without any translation, the difference with “the boat was wrecked, glug glug” is eloquent. Furthermore, by putting its number in the alphabet for each letter, "calculation" becomes “31123211212091514” which cannot easily be understood either. The obscurity present in the works of a literary movement does not ordinarily reach such a level. It is true that a slight coding may exist, incurring the wrath of adversaries, as is seen the hostility to the mixing of genres expressed by the advocates of classicism around 1830, but it is often rather limited. A literary coterie promises a great deal more than just a special language, and Baudelaire understood this [704]: «In the schools, which are no more than the organised power of invention, individuals really worthy of the name absorb the weak; and this is only right as a wide-reaching production is just a thought with a thousand arms.»

§432
· Headroom
Theory

The headroom û=2 is acceptable in two cases. If the glebe may appear technical or learned, û=2 is appropriate. This is because, if the aim is to understand, it seems difficult to meet the aim of the physical intrusion. Then, û=2 is expected in relation to all marks of freestones, designs, diagrams or symbols used in the breaks between several intellectual stages. However, we exclude from the situations giving û=2 all those in which learning has an artistic role. There is therefore all the more reason for the other devices to give û=1.

Method

As far as the plan of a heap is concerned, it cannot be confused with an intrusion as it is too abstract for that. Nevertheless a horizontal bar intended as a border between paragraphs can leave us with some doubts. A good understanding of the headroom requires therefore some documentation regarding literary customs as the labelling of such material clues varies as the cultural world changes, being flexible in the details in spite of a possible overall rational meaning.

Application to Baudelaire

Seriously or mockingly, Baudelaire envisaged a balance in reality, imitated by certain lines of a hymn to the sun, without requiring any concrete sign of a break [[1115]] in Index II (Poems)">[[1115]]: «This foster-father, enemy of chlorosis,
Awakens in the fields the verse as well as the roses;
He makes our cares evaporate in the sky,
And fills our minds and the hives with honey.
It is he who returns their youth to the crippled
And makes them gay and gentle as young girls,
And orders the crops to grow and ripen
In the immortal heart that ever wants to bloom!

When, like a poet, he goes into the towns,
He ennobles the destiny of the most vile things,
And enters like a king, without noise or servants,
In all the hospitals and all the palaces.»

§433
· Surround
Theory

The surround (ô) is 2 if the trope comes from distinct or imperative customs within which a creator is working. In this case, as the author had not definitely decided on the intrusion imagined, ô=2 is applicable. For the writer who is trying to introduce a material contrast in an original way, ô=1 must be the result.

Method

An old and little-used block letter will give the impression of being a rep, when relevant historical knowledge of the milieu in which it was used is lacking. As customs are sometimes at the limits of individual and collective knowledge, a hesitation on this count may affect the diagnosis of the proper ways to react at the various stages of the cultural chain.

Application to Baudelaire

If a novelist has wanted to transcribe a regional accent, without belonging to a movement in which that was the rule, ô=1 is justified. Balzac liked this type of correspondence [71]«…the two artists became very friendly with Gazonal and made him tell them of his lawsuit. "My-e trrrial-e," he said, rolling the "r’s" with the tip of his tongue and accentuating everything in the Provençal way, "is something-e verrry simple: they want-e my factory. I found-e myself a brrrilliant-e lawyer here-e to whom-e I give-e twenty francs each-e time to open-e his eyes-e, and I always-e find him-e asleep- e…"»

§434
· Combe
Theory

For the combe (å) a value of 2 is acceptable as soon as the critics suspect some accident, falsification or error which has had an effect on the glebe. Even if the creator did not desire a rep, an unintentional stain or a whim of a previous reader can sometimes have damaged a book. Conversely, å=1 in any situation in which such a misadventure appears impossible.

Application to Baudelaire

In 1961, in the otherwise excellent edition of Antoine Adam, an unfortunate printing error deprived the sonnet „Correspondences“ of its final full stop [6]. No reader will suppose that Baudelaire himself rejected the use of this mark of a freestone.

Method

To determine (å), a piece of bad luck must be distinguished from the result of a stratagem. We can imagine such enormous ruses, on the material level, as that of Lucian relatively deep down. The famous „True History“ ends with the words [510]: «I have now related to you my adventures as far as the other land, on sea at first, then during our course to the islands, and in the air, then in the whale, and once we had escaped from it, with the heroes in the land of dreams, and finally with the Bucephaleans and the Onoscelians. All that befell us on land will be told to you in the following books.» Pierre Grimal notes with regard to this [511]«It has been pointed out that this final affirmation is the biggest lie in the whole novel: the books announced never existed.»

§435
· Test for the conservatory
Theory

Let us write the rail “Correspondences -Sympathies of the great temple where man passes…There are…beings of the senses who sing of sympathies…” As the words before “homme” (man) do not have an inaccessible meaning, a thread is possible just with pivots, terms and freestones. Thus, as the heap remains a crib, the conservatory of (F-Symphathies…sympathies-¦¦¦¦-S-repetition) is in no way prevented from having the value õ=1 for this reason.

Method

Repetition is one of the most indisputable types of rep in that it has a striking forcefulness. Starting from such examples gives any investigations a certainty that removes all doubts. Spinoza sums up such an advantage of being aware of clear-cut facts and reasons [163]-[922]: «…there will be no question here of enquiries extending to infinity; by this I mean that, to discover the best ways of seeking the truth, there is no need for a second method to seek the first, and then of a third to find the second, and so on to infinity…»

Application to Baudelaire

In spite of this strong sense of presence, there may sometimes be a problematic case in which the artist may just as well have been unaware of the word play as used it deliberately [[1118]] in Index II (Poems)">[[1118]]: «Je suis comme le roi d'un pays pluvieux,
Riche, mais impuissant, jeune et pourtant très-vieux…» (I am like the king of a rainy land,/Rich but powerless, young and yet so old…) In French, there is a possible play on the words «pluvieux» (rainy) and “plus vieux” (older) and it has to be decided whether this is valid or not. There is even more difficulty with word play with a less concrete basis, and which for this reason we have excluded from the cases analysed here. In this way, “my dear drawer” does not contain an intrusion because the intellectual aspect of the different significances of “drawer” dominates the joke, without physically changing anything.

§436
· Test for the chest
Theory

Let us look for the chest (ñ) of (F-Sympathies…sympathies-¦¦¦¦-repetition) for the rail we examined above, with the supposition of a conservatory limited to 1. We will consider the new leaven for itself since it can, based on its own properties, have the value 1 or 2. The repetition of the decisive word at the beginning and the end of the poem is reinforced by the title «Correspondences» so it has to be admitted that there is a hardener which wipes out the internal distance between the two words “Sympathies-sympathies”. Since it therefore becomes pointless to count the series of fronts between the beginning and end of the poem, ñ=1 appears secure.

Method

As regards each part of the reality or the intelligence of things, we should envisage that all languages do not provide the same number of words for each kind of thing. The lack of suitable or wide-ranging vocabulary could make it necessary, therefore, in such or such a situation, in each language, to use certain words again, regardless of any rep.

Application to Baudelaire

Baudelaire’s cultural richness gave him the means of avoiding this kind of obstacle as he unearthed numerous sources from the past in order better to use the vocabulary in the present. This line from Chénier would have been a suitable motto for him [194]: «…On new thoughts let us write old verse.» This in no way prevented him from appreciating the mockery directed at the hard toil required of adolescents to master traditional notions [709]: «Daumier threw himself on antiquity, on bogus antiquity, as no-one feels the grandeurs of antiquity better than him, and he spat on it…» The caricaturist’s purpose seems to him to run parallel to that of Joseph Berchoux when he said his famous [708]-[962]: «Who will deliver me from the Greeks and the Romans!»

§437
· Test for the dresser
Theory

Let us consider the dresser (ã) of (N-¦¦¦¦-importance). The risk of having too extraneous a meaning as regards the sign in the glebe seems inexistent and so ã=1. On the other hand, (N-¦¦¦¦-divine nature) would obtain a different measurement as a capital letter does not give any certainty of such a quality. Care must therefore be taken to give a minimal commentary, to avoid causing any harm to the idea that everyone can form of the trope.

Method

A missing capital letter can also have a role to play. In “he asked to visit paris”, the rep consists of not providing what is expected at the beginning of the name.

Application to Baudelaire

It seems difficult to grasp the finer meaning of N, as there are so many possibilities. Possibly linking this N and «Vast» relates the poem to the author’s taste for the immense [701]: «In the most generally used sense, French means vaudeville writer, and vaudeville writer someone made dizzy by Michelangelo and filled with bestial stupor by Delacroix, in the same way thunder affects some animals. All that is abyss, whether on high or in the depths, makes him prudently run away. The sublime always has the effect of a riot on him and he approaches his Molière trembling with fear and only at all because he has been persuaded that he is a cheerful author.»

§438
· Test for the glaze
Theory

The glaze (ù) of (F-Correspondances/-¦¦¦¦-/S-Corps, responds, danse) (F-Correspondences/-/-/S- Body, respond, dance) is worth 2 as the assembly seems over-heavy. We would suspect the interpreter of wanting absolutely to put over an amusing idea at Baudelaire’s expense.

Method

The rep is not always funny and its province is more generally to serve an elementary purpose using exalted means. The symbolic instrument, capable of inciting intellectual exploits, is used well below its possibilities, a little as if we took two calculators, placing them on a desk and commenting “1+1=2”. We speak but we may obtain, for example “ouch”, reverting to a previous condition. While on the one hand it can be the doorway to great abstractions, the linguistic sign can on the other highlight a kind of cry.

Application to Baudelaire

This idea of the animal in man interested Baudelaire, who speaks as follows of a work given to him by an acquaintance [640]: «For a long time I have rejected all books with disgust. It has also been a long time since I have read anything as "absolutely instructive and amusing." The chapter on the falcon and the birds which hunt for man is a work, in itself…There are plenty of other things which are philosophically moving, and the love of the outdoor life, and the honour rendered to chivalry and to ladies, etc......What is positive is that you are a poet. I have been saying for a long time that the poet is "supremely" intelligent…But when I want to have such things published, I am told I am mad, -and above all mad on myself,- and that I hate pedants because I was badly educated. What is truly certain, nevertheless, is that I have a philosophical mind which allows me to see clearly what is true, even in zoology, even though I am neither a huntsman nor a naturalist…Now, -since I have committed myself to discussing greater matters with you…- let me tell you everything. What is "Indefinite Progress!" What is a "society" which is not aristocratic! It is not a society at all, it seems to me. What is "naturally" good man? Where have we seen him? A naturally good man would be a "monster", I mean to say a "God"…All the heresies I referred to just now are only, after all, the consequence of the great modern heresy, of the "artificial" doctrine substituted for the natural doctrine, I mean the suppression of the idea of "original sin".»

§439
· Test for the cartage
Theory

A rail can be imagined beginning “Nature is a temple where living pillars/Let at times an ample and strong tamarind/Stay in their shade, nursed and protected,/In the dark sun displayed, where slowly dry up/The springs…” The presence of a recovery (F-emple…ample-¦¦¦¦-S-repetition) is suspected, but the whole text shows that it could be a broken rime since afterwards we find the device of internal echo “ade- ayed”, with “shade…displayed”. The risk of a misunderstanding between the means of versification and the rep oblige us to accept a cartage of ò=2.

Method

As the art of poetry belongs to in a particular sphere, its tools should not be confused with the impulses of different productions. Pierre Guiraud wrote [526]: «Thus originally virtually all literature is in verse and it seems that verse assumes the function which will later be entrusted to writing: verse ensures that the form is preserved; it fixes it and allows it to be committed to memory.» The content is thus kept throughout the life of the individual, as well as down through the generations.

Application to Baudelaire

The intrusion, on the other hand, has a raw quality and so proceeds in the opposite way. Baudelaire, who was so aware of the violence that exists alongside refinement, saw how certain over- energetic figures operated, in an art aimed at something higher than mere distraction. He addressed these reproaches to an artist [641]: «And a man like you! To insult in passing, like a mere contributor to the "Siècle" journal, the great genius of our time, "de Maistre", a visionary! And finally, a conversational style and slang words which always spoil a good book.»

§440
· Test for the boss
Theory

The boss (ì) of (F-fragrant perfumes-¦¦¦¦-S-repetition) is 2 for the segment “…fragrant perfumes and colours answer each other.” Such a form seems pleonastic using a certain abstraction, which forbids its access to the rep [356]. On the other hand “perfumed perfumes” could be fitted into the necessary frame here, through the actual repetition.

Method

As a very strong physical content permits the effect of an intrusion, anything that appears intellectual is abandoned outside the recognized limits.

Application to Baudelaire

In his texts, Baudelaire likes exploring the concrete in human existence, rhythm, smell, aspect or pressure. In 1853, Champfleury described Baudelaire as the poet who loved cats and the glimpses we get of the poet’s knowledge of the animal world are striking [631]. In writing of Delacroix, and in particular of one of his paintings, he notes [696]: «"Romeo and Juliet", on the balcony, in the cold light of day, are holding each other religiously round the middle. In the violence of this farewell embrace, Juliette, with her hands on her lover’s shoulders, is throwing her head back, as if to breathe, or in a movement of pride and joyous passion. This unusual attitude, -unusual because nearly all painters have the lovers’ lips pressed together,- is nevertheless very natural; this vigorous movement of the neck is characteristic of dogs or cats who are enjoying being stroked.»

§441
· Test for the varnish
Theory

The varnish of (corrompus-¦¦¦¦-corps rompus) (corrompus-/-broken bodies), splitting the word «corrompus» (corrupt) to give two words meaning “broken bodies” (corps rompus), produces â=1 in the context «There are perfumes as cool…and others, corrupt…» The sense “ruined from inside” in the way metal rods are attacked by rust, should be investigated by using the knowledge of the neighbouring words, «triumphant» and «rich», but the business of a secret number is entirely different from this. It is a question of knowing whether the writer is using a special code or, on the contrary, is placing the same ideas before each reader, who will find them more or less accessible according to his or her level of culture. With a mixture of transparent, literal meanings and strange insinuations, the second possibility is acceptable, and because no key is available, â=1 is justified.

Method

A very difficult short passage is sufficient proof of the particular language system being used in the case of organized dissimulation and this allows a trope to show, when required, the case in which it is necessary to write â=2.

Application to Baudelaire

The temptation to split the word «corrompus» because of the double “R” can be justified without any suspicion of a special code. Besides, it is not easy to imagine Baudelaire abandoning the serious tone of the sonnet to use such a joke, without a series of related reflections. If a physical unit depends on its parts and on the internal relations linking them, when being determined in such a way a poem is subjected to the weight of observation which comes from the desire to unify a system deliberately. As a result an aim is established, put together above the level of the immediate reaction, which assumes some images in the mind, representing to the creator, in a hazy but real way, what he wants to achieve before he carries out his project. Let us admit nevertheless that conscious objectives frequently appear to endow a play on words with passionate or collective forces, which the author has hardly noticed as he proceeded to his ends. It is like a political leader deciding on a line to take and which is later found to be identical to that in other similar countries, so that unrecognized tendencies give refuge to energetic resolutions.

§442
· Test for the headroom
Theory

Let us examine the headroom of (F-man/temple: corrupt/cool-¦¦¦¦-S-two equal relations) for a rail beginning with “Nature has made it such that man is to its temple what corrupt perfumes are to cool ones…” The scholarly or scientific aspect remains too limited, so û=1.

Method

On the other hand, the conservatory is õ=2 since the turn of phrase is not within the fifteen logs describing the reps.

Application to Baudelaire

Analogy, with its aspect of dream ordered by cultural effort, would stand out more if we based our analysis on Gongorism [283]- [420]: “Nature (feminine) is a temple (celebrated in the frame of the face) where living pillars (the teeth) let forth at times confused words (laughter); there man (corrupt and in love) passes through (he places his lips on it in ignorance of nearly everything) forests of symbols (the hair) which observe him (are in front of him) with familiar eyes (he thinks he recognizes them). Like long echoes…” Plato elaborated on the myth of the capital notions that intelligence would see before entering a body [725]: «Since all nature is homogeneous and the soul has learnt everything, nothing prevents a single recollection (this is what men call knowledge) from allowing all others to be retrieved…» Balzac paints love as coming from a chain of correspondences with the years preceding it [72]: «If you have fully understood my previous life, you will guess the sentiments that welled up in my heart…the sheen of the hair smoothed over a neck silky smooth as that of a little girl, the white lines the comb had drawn through it and where my imagination ran as if along fresh paths. It all made me lose my mind.»

§443
· Test for the surround
Theory

The surround of (long-temps-¦¦¦¦-insistence) (long time-/-insistence), for «J'ai long-temps habité sous de vastes portiques…» (I lived for a long time under vast porticos…) must be set at 2 as the poet is just following the custom of the time by spelling «long-temps» (long time) with a hyphen [[1143]] in Index II (Poems)">[[1143]]. In 1861, on the contrary, Baudelaire uses «longtemps» (long time), conforming to changing usage [[1143]] in Index II (Poems)">[[1143]].

Method

A criteria capable of separating material intrusions and habits and routines seems therefore indispensable. When the creator chooses a traditional form but later the meaning of the expression changes, the effect will be that of surprise, which is not the creator’s intention at the origin.

Application to Baudelaire

The author was being scrupulously correct when he wrote «long-temps» so that any suggestion that he was rejecting current usage would be completely opposite to his initial intention.

§444
· Test for the combe
Theory

The combe of (F-confondent…répondent-¦¦¦¦-S-répondent…confondent) (F-mingle…answer-/-S- answer…mingle) would seem to have to be 2 if historical research were to reveal an entry in the diary of an absent-minded typographer, to the effect that he inverted the two words in lines 5 and 8. It seems advisable to restrict the manse if any bold play on words is reduced to a careless mistake. However closer examination reveals that such a proposition is untenable since the writer accepted the work after proofreading it, and even conserved it in 1861. This therefore justifies the leaven å=1.

Method

The weaknesses in the idea of the genius creating on his own are soon revealed as it is so true that everyone draws from the intertwining environments in which they are immersed. However, in many cases it would be difficult to deny the presence of a main contributor who has the last word, sealing together numerous diverse contributions, and taking the glory or the condemnation.

Application to Baudelaire

Baudelaire’s letter to his printer is relevant here [647]: «My Dear Malassis, I ask a thousand pardons of you for drawing your attention once again to the need to correct the proofs.» Pointing out a mistake in a publication not of his own, the writer lets it be known that he could not allow such a mishap to occur in his own anthology. He thinks he must explain his intransigence [648]: «I know, I repeat to you, how one becomes detestable by such teasing; but I took your establishment seriously, and you yourself admitted to me once that you thought, like me, that in all kinds of productions, only perfection is admissible.»

§445
· Full calculation I of (F-Correspondances-¦¦¦¦-S-corps responds danse)
Theory

Let us calculate complete manses, with first of all the one obtained for the basic casting (F- Correspondances/-¦¦¦¦-/S-Corps, responds, danse) (F-Correspondences/-/-/S-Body, respond, dance). It would seem unlikely that the public would envisage the relevant significance, authorizing a conservatory õ=2. A chest ñ=2 follows this first quantity. The dresser deserves to be ã=2 as the risk of not remaining true to the creator’s objectives is high. A division into “Corps, responds” is permissible because of the double “R” of the glebe, but the second one “responds, danse” cannot be justified, as a result of which the glaze is ù=2. A cartage ò=2 proves of use since the formulation of the theme is not at all suitable to that period, the anachronism betraying the mistaken interpreter [[1110]] in Index II (Poems)">[[1110]]. The play on words concerned appears sufficiently concrete to give a boss ì=1. As no previous information is needed to understand the joke, the varnish is â=1. No contribution to knowledge is given so the headroom has to be û=1. Custom can have had no influence on the use of the turn of phrase with the result that the surround is ô=1. As we have no knowledge of any accident, the combe å=1 has to be present. Thus a plausibility is established: 1/(õ)(ñ)(ã)(ù)(ò)(ì)(â) (û)(ô)(å)=1/((2)(2)(2)(2)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)=1/(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)=1/32.

Method

In his illustrations, the interpreter cannot avoid taking into account the weight of changes that have marked history, since the origin of the text. The power of the instance itself, which incites us to project images of today on yesterday, must be resisted, in spite of the irrational advice of those who encourage such action. It is true that emotion puts life into research but it is doubtful whether the reduced objectivity accompanying it is really welcome. It would be preferable to keep the dynamism while filtering out such illusions.

Application to Baudelaire

Dance demonstrates the fusion between individual and collective evolution, in the movements of the body, which become spontaneous through much repetition. Human activity unites several levels: first, we physically inherit thousands of functions, reflexes or instincts; then these are joined, through more or less laborious historical construction, by habits we have adopted, such as the simple one of being hungry at quarter past twelve, or the more elaborate one of following complex step patterns; then come our conscience, memory and will. The hierarchy of these faculties explains the discord between classifications. Aristotle indicated the bases [28]: «These powers, we said, are the nutritive, appetitive, sensitive, locomotive, rational faculties.» Balzac noted the integration of these sources of energy into a single one, in relation to the agitation provoked by a bouquet [73]: «No declaration, no vows of uncontrollable passion could convey more than these symphonies of flowers in which my mistaken desire led me to concentrate all my efforts to express that which Beethoven portrayed through his music; profound introversion and amazing impulses of fervour towards the heavens. Mme de Mortsauf became my Henriette before them. She kept coming back to them, she drew nourishment from them, she gathered from them all the thoughts I had placed there, when as she received them, she raised her head from her tapestry frame, saying, "Goodness, how beautiful!" You will understand this delightful correspondence from the detail of a bouquet just as from a fragment of poetry you could understand Saadi.» Baudelaire could have read such texts, as a series of accounts reminds us. In 1867, posthumously, a newspaper article described his arrival on the quay at Saint Denis, where on the 19 th September 1841 he ended his forced journey in the Indian Ocean [606]. The young man has to hold onto the cables [607]: «…Baudelaire insisted on climbing the ladder with his books under his arm (it was assuredly original, but awkward), and went up the ladder slowly, seriously, pursued by the rising waves. Soon the waves reached him, submerged him and covered him with twelve or fifteen feet of water and dragged him from the ladder. He was fished out of the water with great difficulty; but the incredible thing was that he still had the books under his arm.» Jules Levallois tells us that later the future poet read Balzac during his period of leisure on land [607].

§446
· Full calculation II of (F-Correspondances…répondent-¦¦¦¦-S-repetition)
Theory

We will now look at the manse of the high recovery (F-Correspondances…répondent-¦¦¦¦-S-repetition) (F-Correspondences…answer-/-S-repetition). As the heap stays the same, it remains a crib. No two words damage each other as they cross paths, nor is the thought merely for a very restricted circle of people. This means a conservatory õ=1 is appropriate. The chest has the value of ñ=1 because a hardener results from the decisive words situated at the head of the sonnet and at the end of the eighth line. No suspicion is possible in the rep because of “respond” being at the heart of «Correspondances» and this radical leads to a dresser ã=1. Since there is no awkwardness in the commentary, the glaze must be ù=1. The title does not have a fundamental part to play in the versification. Furthermore it seems that any careless mistakes by the author and omissions on the part of the interpreter can be ruled out. Anachronisms are not possible in this figure of speech as it stays close of public expectations of any work. Thus there can be no room for doubt over a cartage ò=1. We can write ì=1 for the boss, because the root “respond-répond”, which is used in the words «Correspondances» and «répondent» (Correspondences, answer), makes an undeniable practical basis for the figure of speech. We do not see any change with regard to the language code, so that the varnish â=1 is necessary. Since the trope hardly includes high knowledge, we obtain the headroom û=1. As the customs are not directly conducive to the turn of expression, we must admit a surround ô=1. Finally, a combe å=1 is justified because the text has been subject to no accidents. Thus the measurement we are looking for becomes 1/(õ)(ñ)(ã)(ù)(ò)(ì)(â)(û)(å)=1/(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)=1/1=1. In short, the subject being studied appears to be significant and provides at least one means of gaining access to Baudelaire’s so strangely-organized mind.

Method

To avoid underestimating the considerable number of circumstances that may be unfavourable to the rep, we had several times to include in the criteria some related ideas. With this in mind and with the return of (õ) in (ñ), this produces simply the most visible case. However, each leaven addressed remains different from its neighbours, because of its own individual attributes.

Application to Baudelaire

The highest response to appeals from perceived beings is the gift of one’s own life. We can imagine freshness sacrificed to corruption, and which saves the equilibrium of the world. An admirer of Maistre could envisage the possibility of such a thing. The revolution provided many examples of this devotion and so Baudelaire quickly came to respect the artists who were interested in these values [697]-[698]: «Looking at the series of paintings, it seems we are attending the celebration of some painful mystery…It is because of this entirely modern and entirely new quality that Delacroix is the latest expression of progress in art.»

§447
· Full calculation III of a complete manse
Theory

Let us look at (P…A…R…F…U…M…C…O…N…V…E…R…S::E/-¦¦¦¦-/S-acrostic) (P…E…R… F…U…M…E…T…A…L…K…S/-/-/acrostic). We will consider the following lines: “Profonde est la nature,/Attirant est son verbe/ Ressurgi de piliers/Fameux par leurs regards.//Un écho inspiré,/Mâché dans le lointain/Correspond aux cinq sens,/Or et boue en dialogue.//Naissant dans la fraîcheur,/Versés dans le hautbois,/Emportés par l'ivresse,//Résolus ils se risquent/Sur la route du chant/Et de la corruption.” (Profound is nature/And alluring is its voice/Rising again from pillars/Renowned for their gaze.//An inspired echo,/Broken up in the distance/Corresponds to the five senses,/Gold and mud in dialogue.//Born in freshness,/Poured into the oboe,/Carried away by inebriety.//Resolute they dare to take/The road of song/And of corruption.) The joke made by taking the initials of words in the fourteen lines in the original French, and to be read vertically, although giving a second word, cannot prevent a thread being produced solely from the terms, pivots and freestones since “P…A…R…F…U…M…C…O…N…V…E…R…S…E” (P…E…R…F…U…M…E…T…A…L…K…S) forms a pivot. This amusing device concerns the public as a whole and the turn of phrase is sufficiently remarkable to give a conservatory õ=1. The very obvious acrostic generates its own hardener, thus leading to the chest ñ=1. The ceiling does not hide any misinterpretation of the glebe, so giving a dresser ã=1. Since it does not contain anything especially awkward, the secondary meaning provides enough to establish ù=1 as the value of the glaze. The verbal wordplay appears more like parasitical literary behaviour than a means of versification. There is no buffer to point to any hostility to the rep. A careless mistake seems to be ruled out. Taking these three points together gives us total confidence in a cartage ò=1. There is nothing abstract dominating this figure. The way the meaning is constructed is strange but not ambiguous. The boss (ì) is therefore set at 1. Since the knowledge of some key or a long period of learning is not necessary to understand it, our intuition goes for a varnish â=1. Since the verbal acrobatics concerned remain artistic, the value of the headroom must be û=1. In writing, an acrostic remains an exception, and therefore the surround amounts to ô=1. Since the trope does not arise from any accident or falsification, it has a combe å=1. Calculation and overall impression come together to produce the manse 1/(õ)(ñ)(ã)(ù)(ò)(ì)(â)(û)(ô)(å)=1/(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1) (1)=1/1=1.

Method

We differentiated versification and technique to define the headroom and this is not just an artificial distinction. Poetry is never far removed from wordplay, myths and dreams [283]. Moreover, while understanding what techniques make a heating or transport system work, we are not capable of establishing the criteria that make a work of art successful.

Application to Baudelaire

A letter from Baudelaire shows how sensitivity can organize the material things of everyday life, although no particular effort is made [642]-[643]: «My dear friend, since dreams amuse you, here is one which I am sure will not displease you. As I am writing, it is 5 o’clock in the morning and so this dream is still warm…I considered it a "duty" to give one of my books which had just come out to the mistress of a large brothel…the walls of its vast galleries were decorated with drawings of all kinds…In a remote corner…I found a very peculiar series of drawings…They showed brightly-coloured birds with brilliant plumage, with a "living" eye. Sometimes, "there are just half birds". Sometimes images of strange, monstrous, almost "lifeless" beings, like "meteorites" are depicted. In a corner of each drawing there is a note. "Such and such a girl, aged.... gave birth to this foetus in such and such a year"; -and other notes of this kind.»

§448
· Full calculation IV of (N-¦¦¦¦-importance)
Theory

The plausibility of the basic subsidence (N-¦¦¦¦-importance) can be established for a conservatory õ=1. The thread is composed just of terms, pivots and freestones. As a detail in the first verse, the N of «Nature» will not be mentioned in the thread, but it does not prevent this thread from existing, and moreover the particular relief of the capital letter contributes to the effectiveness of the figure of speech. An obvious but fleeting character guarantees ñ=1 for the chest. The notion of “importance” in the ceiling sticks closely to the meaning of a capital N, so that the dresser must be ã=1. As this minimal commentary hardly shows up any clumsy remarks, the glaze is ù=1. The N cannot have been highlighted as a result of some careless mistake, nor is it a means of versification and so a cartage ò=1 is justified. Since the N is a material manifestation, the boss (ì) must be 1. The fact that this is an isolated capital letter means that there is no justification for the existence of any code parallel to that of normal communication, allowing us to note the value of the varnish to be â=1. The N sign does not contribute to any high knowledge and this justifies the headroom û=1. As the custom of writing «Nature» each time has not yet been invented, a surround of ô=1 is favoured. The critics have not shown N to be the result of any accident or falsification and so a level of å=1 is appropriate for the combe. All in all, our intuitions are backed by the figures: 1/(õ) (ñ))(ã)(ù)(ò)(ì)(â)(û)(ô)(å)=1/(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)=1.

Method

A support which has the benefit of a pivot does not necessarily break the eyelet, in a crib, but insinuates an opposition to the rest of the work. Thus it appears legitimate to include all facts of this kind within the rep, and we must add any idea which is given through them. Otherwise explaining them becomes very tricky.

Application to Baudelaire

Even if the function studied here does not touch only on the pivot but also on the physical nature of printing, fundamentally “importance” is more acute than “nobility”. The poet’s description of the strange dream mentioned above shows that imposing natural productions are not always majestic, even though the Asian figure of the boy elephant seems indirectly concerned here. We can imagine some discussion about the Paris Universal Exhibition. In any case, well-educated people would be aware of this possible character [816]: «While a chief warrior, he is also, and maybe above all, the god who presides over enterprises of all kinds, including esoteric activities; he is invoked at the beginning of literary works on many occasions.» We can also suppose Baudelaire was interested in the malformations recently investigated [870]: «The science of monstrosities, or animal teratology, is a recent science…it was founded by Etienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire…» The dream recreated for Asselineau therefore contains many cross-references [644]: «But among all these beings, there is one who has lived. It is a monster born in that building, and who stands all the time on a pedestal. Although he is alive, he belongs to the museum. He is not ugly. His face is even attractive, very dark-skinned, an oriental colour, containing much pink and green. He is crouched but in a bizarre, contorted position. There is even some blackish thing wound round his limbs like a fat snake. I ask what it is and he replies that it is a monstrous appendage which starts at his head, elastic like rubber, and so long, so long, that if he rolled it on his head like a tail, it would be much too heavy and impossible to carry, -and so he is obliged to roll it around its limbs, which moreover makes it look much better. I spoke to the monster for a long time. He told me of his troubles and worries. He had been obliged to stay in that room, standing on the pedestal, to satisfy the curiosity of the public, for several long years.»

§449
· Full calculation V for (F-est un temple-¦¦¦¦-S-estt un ttemple)
Theory

Let us look at (F-est un temple/-¦¦¦¦-/S-estt un ttemple) (F-Nature is a temple/-/-/S-Natture is a ttemple). This gives us a way of reciting the first line, creating a solemn, rhythmical sound. This mass in no way limits the thread, which can be achieved with just freestones, pivots and terms as the words do not change. For the same reason there is no interference. The public will have no difficulty envisaging the trope since the phenomenon of a play on sounds has often been evoked. These considerations plead in favour of a conservatory of õ=1. The second ferment, that of the chest (ñ), keeps the value of 1 because the meaning of the tenures has an undeniable continuity. A dresser ã=2 is called for because the commentary is not backed by anything tangible as in French the verb ends with the normal letter ("T" in "est"). The glaze ù=1 seems to be indicated since no awkward mistake is felt in this ceiling. The energetic sound is not part of some rule of versification, and the absence of knowledge is not a trap for the interpreter who must make a judgement. As a careless mistake on the part of the creator must also be ruled out, the value of the cartage (ò) must be 1. The boss ì=1 easily establishes itself since such a clear-cut procedure remains outside the realms of abstraction and ambiguity. This obvious character also excludes any hidden system, which allows the varnish (â) to remain at 1. For the same reason the headroom (û) is also 1 because the conventions that assist knowledge seem very far from the hammered-out insistence perceived here. The surround ô=1 is justified by the fact that habitually we do not have recourse to this type of vocal insistence when reciting a sonnet. The critics have not shown the effect analysed as being the result of any accident and so the combe is å=1. Under these conditions the manse is 1/(õ)(ñ))(ã)(ù)(ò)(ì)(â)(û)(ô)(å)=1(1)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)= ½.

Method

The certainty of a figure of speech is in inverse proportion to its weaknesses. In contrast let us consider how a scientist deals with the method of calculation that has been used as a model here [806]: «The measurement of the probability of an event is the ratio of the number of favourable cases to the event, to the total number of cases, favourable or otherwise, all being equally possible, or which have the same likelihood.» Since counting literary plausibility cannot include the ratio between the number of favourable and unfavourable cases, we have replaced it with (1/weaknesses). Since we cannot add up the cases giving an impression of equal possibility, nor can we establish the number of favourable situations, we must just evaluate the slimness of the obstacles encountered.

Application to Baudelaire

The pompous beating sound used in (F-Nature is a temple/-/-/S-Natture is a ttemple) imitates a drum, which we can hear resonating to celebrate the glorious complexity of the world. Balzac asks [76]: «Have you never been launched into the immensity of space and time by reading the works of Cuvier on geology? Transported by his genius, have you soared over the limitless abyss of the past, as if held up by the hand of a sorcerer? Discovering block by block, layer by layer, under the quarries of Montmartre or in the schist of the Urals, these animals whose fossilised remains belong to antediluvian civilizations, the soul takes fright on catching a glimpse of those thousands of millions of years, those millions of people that feeble human memory, indestructible, divine tradition have forgotten and whose ashes, heaped up on the surface of our planet, make up the two feet of soil that provide us with bread and flowers.»

§450
· Full calculation VI on (F-piliers-¦¦¦¦-S-pieds)
Theory

In the first line of the heap, let us insert a diaeresis in the word «piliers» (pillars) in French, giving almost “pi-é” (fee-eet), so we can read “pieds” (feet) instead of «piliers» (pillars). The author would have started from the idea that the deep-seated architecture of the natural world can be compared to verse: “Nature is a poem where living feet…” The difficulty of making this notion understood would have led, via a series of shifts, to the present wording. The artist, passionate about his work, would have hoped the public would guess the original meaning through the resemblance of the words. As regards (F-piliers-¦¦¦¦-S-pieds) (F-pillars-/-S-feet) the conservatory õ=2 is justified by an unobvious significance. The same applies to the chest ñ=2. A dresser of ã=2 is useful in these conditions since the interpreter solicits the work to a maximum when venture is doubtful. The considerable clumsiness involved reaches a comic level in this feet business, which gives a glaze ù=2. On the other hand, the cartage remains ò=1 since nothing suspicious historically arouses any suspicions. As no physical modification has taken place, the change, although considerable, remains abstract, so a boss ì=2 is appropriate. The attempted play on words does not count as a secret message since its frame conserves the ordinary type of words, leading straight to the varnish â=1. We do not know how much knowledge would be gained in the rep and this gives a headroom (û) of 1. Since customs play no part in this fantasy, there can be no hesitation over a surround ô=1. The need to exclude any accidental action in this connection leaves us with a combe å=1. The situation gives the manse 1/(õ)(ñ)) (ã)(ù)(ò)(ì)(â)(û)(ô)(å)=1/(2)(2)(2)(2)(1) (2)(1)(1)(1)(1)=1/(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)=1/32.

Method

There would no point in making exaggerated efforts to decide how a foot should be defined today without taking into account the historical context. Hatzfeld and Darmesteter wrote in this connection [426]: «Prosodic measurement (unit of verse measurement). "The Greek or Latin hexameter is composed of six feet. A French line of verse of twelve feet, of ten feet."» Alain Rey explains [846]: «…in Ancient Greece and Rome, each group of syllables could be marked by tapping with the foot on the accentuated syllable.»

Application to Baudelaire

At the time of Galileo, mathematics, astronomy and optics were the three pillars of the scientific temple whose officiants explored the true basis of appearances. However, we must add, for the 19 th century, the time of Baudelaire, the biological study of correspondences uniting today and yesterday. Balzac expresses his admiration thus [77]: «Is not Cuvier the greatest poet of our century? Lord Byron has indeed reproduced in words some moral agitation; but our immortal naturalist has reconstructed worlds with whitened bones, has, like Cadmus, rebuilt cities with teeth, has replanted a thousand forests with all the mysteries of zoology using a few fragments of coal, has rediscovered populations of giants in the foot of a mammoth. These figures stand, grow and fill regions in keeping with their colossal statures. He is a poet with figures, he is sublime when he places a nought next to a seven. He awakens the void without uttering any artificially magic words, he excavates a plot of gypsum, spots a footprint there and shouts to you, "Look!" Suddenly marbles are animalized, death is brought to life, the world unfolds!»

§451
· Full calculation VII of (F-piliers…familiers-¦¦¦¦-S-linking of meaning)
Theory

Let us measure the plausibility of (F-piliers…familiers-¦¦¦¦-S-linking of significance) (F-pillars… familiar-/-S-linking of significance), which is conceivable if the author was thinking of the generative symbol of the columns. In an unchanged text, there is no doubt concerning the crib. A conservatory (õ) of 2 is appropriate for a relationship between sounds which lacks the appearance of a figure of style. The versification gives us a hardener which guarantees a chest ñ=2. We physically associate the two rhyming sounds so that ã=1 seems correct, but the linking of meaning has been commented on, and this is a very different thing. Thus the ceiling goes too far and the result is a dresser ã=2. On the other hand, a glaze ù=1 is obviously right as there is nothing clumsy encumbering the commentary. Since one of the usual methods of poetics is used, the cartage can only be ò=2. Because of the concrete nature of the relationship between sounds, the boss (ì) is inevitably 1. We have difficulty imagining any key or special code, and so there can be no objection to the varnish â=1. The turn of phrase brings no extra knowledge and so the headroom is û=1. As the poet is using rhyme in the usual French fashion, the surround is appropriate at ô=2. We are unaware of any accident that could have caused the idea of a trope, so we have to accept a combe å=1. To sum up, the turn of phrase gives a manse of 1/õñãùòìâûôå=1/(2)(2)(2)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(2)(1)=1/(2)(2)(2)(2) (2)=1/32.

Method

Poetry plays with noises, but far from this intruding in the significance, it accompanies the meaning that it is simultaneously promoting.

Application to Baudelaire

The theme of the sexual pillar leads us to Plato, who saw immortality behind reproduction, ensuring man an indefinite duration, close to the divine [729]: «…mortal nature seeks, according to its means, to perpetuate itself and to be immortal…» Goltzius has given us an engraving to which Baudelaire refers [1]-[[989]] in Index II (Poems)">[[989]]«Love is sitting on the skull
Of Humanity
And, irreverent on this throne,
Laughs shamelessly,

Gaily blowing round bubbles
That float up in the air,
As if to join the worlds
In the depths of the sky.

The frail, luminous globe
Rises up high,
Bursts and spits out its slender soul
Like a dream of gold.

I hear the skull at each bubble
Pray and groan:
-"This vicious and ridiculous game,
When will it end?

For what your cruel mouth
Scatters in the air,
Monstrous assassin, is my brain,
My blood and my flesh!"» The engraver shows a toddler, a cloak over his shoulders, under a few clouds, blowing bubbles. He has a very long straw, to draw the bubbles from a shell full of soap, a little larger than his hand, and he is more or less astride the skull, which is a third of his size. The left-hand side of the picture shows a bouquet while symmetrically on the right, vapours are rising from a second vase, as if incense were burning in it. A caption under the title «Who will escape?» contains a moral that a good Latin scholar can interpret as follows, in spite of a slight hesitation arising from certain block letters being difficult to read [1]: «In one instant, this short life, assuredly subject to death, departs, even when in full bloom, for we are, as it were, a little bubble. Why then do we trust in our fragile years, stupid as we are? Why do we not learn spontaneously to die before our time, while after death, the life that remains to us, detached from the shackles of our flattering flesh, will return us to the stars, at the freer pace of our spirit, to the place already established by the heavenly people and recognized by them as a fellow citizen?» Focusing on this allegory to further dampen bitter vanities, Goltzius produced another engraving, in which the child’s face is contorted in a painful grimace and is much more clearly represented, sitting and even resting, with his left elbow leaning on the skull [498].

§452
· Full calculation VIII of (F-lars/let-¦¦¦¦-S-lightness)
Theory

The basic recovery (F-lars/Let-¦¦¦¦-lightness) is found in the crib of „Correspondences“: «Nature is a temple where living pillars
Let forth at times confused words…» However, the energy coming back into the voice as is usual at the beginning of a new line of verse, removes the repetitive nature of such a form. As a result, the public is not really prepared to see the intrusion and the conservatory goes up to the value of õ=2, which leads to the presence of a chest of ñ=2. The dresser has to be ã=2 as there is absolutely no evidence to lead us to declare that the author is evoking a certain lightness. The two arguments, that of the airy “L’s” and that of the heavy repetition can only balance each other out. There is nothing awkward in the ceiling and so the glaze is ù=1. Since some careless mistake could have caused the semblance of a turn of phrase, the cartage ò=2 is acceptable. As the phenomenon is perfectly concrete and provides nothing of an abstract nature, this leads us to a boss ì=1. There is no need to learn a special code or key to grasp the double sound “lars-let” and so â=1 for the varnish is easy to accept. The aim of acquiring knowledge is foreign to our present trope and so the headroom is set at û=1. The repetition of the “L” cannot be explained by any customary usage, giving a surround (ô) of 1. It is impossible to imagine that the figure came about by accident, justifying å=1 for the combe. The overall result is 1/(õ)(ñ))(ã)(ù)(ò)(ì)(â)(û)(ô)(å)= 1/(2)(2)(2)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)=1/(2)(2)(2)(2)=1/16.

Method

Our counting method vaguely imitates appearances, but we must not worry about this seeing that the mathematical circle was copied in all likelihood from the great light in the sky. Even today, to avoid establishing false propositions, the technician carries out tests, the physicist experiments and the mathematician tries things out on a piece of rough paper. We could easily imagine the theory freed from perceptive consultation but this would show pride and over-confidence and Joubert warns us against this [468]: «In demonstrations of geometry, we have the axiom in our mind but the figure before our eyes; and between our eyes and the figure there is all the light of the sun to throw light on any mistakes we might make in the application of the principle to the fact.» Furthermore, the bases themselves, according to Stuart Mill, come from the generalization of experience, as in the tenacious appearance that, moving between two points we will cover the shortest distance by choosing to go in a straight line [7000]-[7001].

Application to Baudelaire

Let us note a second alliteration in the first lines in French: “ol-lo” or «paroles;
L'homme» (words;/Man) The sound evokes abundance. Around 1840, George Sand and Prosper Mérimée understood the importance of some tapestries in a château in the Creuse department in France. Let us read what Edmond Haraucourt wrote in connection with the correspondences that were their theme [424]: «Many fanciful legends have been inspired by these famous hangings in which people believed they recognized a gift from Zim-Zizimi, who was the guest of Pierre d'Aubusson, Lord of Boussac, in 1482. The false clue was the presence of two crescents in the Arms. The coat of arms has now been identified; the presence of two heraldic animals at the same time (the lion, symbol of strength, for the nobility of the sword, and the unicorn, symbol of incorruptibility, for the nobility of the robe) was simply meant to symbolize the union between two families, each of them belonging formerly to just one of those groups. The whole work, probably created for a Mademoiselle Le Viste on the occasion of her marriage, seems to represent an allegory of the five senses, in keeping with the spirit of the time: Sight (the lady is holding a mirror up to the unicorn); Hearing (the lady is playing the organ); Taste (the lady is offering some nuts to a parrot and the monkey is eating a cherry); Smell (the lady is plaiting a garland of flowers and the monkey is sniffing a rose); Touch (the lady is touching the unicorn and the pole). The sixth tapestry, larger than the others, is said to represent, if not a sixth sense, at least a homage to the one who charms all the senses: "My only desire."»

§453
· Full calculation IX of (F-Let forth at times confused words/-¦¦¦¦-/S-Let forth at times conffussed wordss)
Theory

The composite (F-Laissent parfois sortir de confuses paroles/-¦¦¦¦-/S-Laisssent parffois ssortir de conffuses paroles) ((F-Let forth at times confused words/-/-/S-Let forth at times conffussed wordss) allows us to imagine the murmur it describes. There are many basic recoveries, with the sounds “S” and “F”. They cannot prevent the thread being given through the pivots, terms or freestones. Furthermore, the context absorbs alliteration with difficulty. These arguments lead us to suppose the conservatory (õ) is equal to 1. With such a basis, the chest ñ=1 is justified as the verse has a great unity of intention. For the dresser, on the contrary ã=2 must be conceded since a lack of loyalty to the intentions of the creator seems possible, notably because of the sound “R”, in «sortir» (forth), which is prejudicial to the effect. The glaze ù=1 is not in doubt, in view of the amusing and simple nature of the play on sounds. This musical trope is not required by the versification, and in addition, it is hard to imagine Baudelaire as a scatterbrain composing in haste. These points allow us to fix the cartage at ò=1. The concrete nature of the figure means the boss has to be ì=1. There is no need for a different code to have access to the contents, leading to the varnish â=1. The noise effect suspected does not add to our knowledge and so the headroom must be û=1. Since custom has no part to play in the rep, the surround takes the value ô=1. A combe å=1 is justified because this diction has not been caused accidentally. A manse 1/õñãùòìâûôå=1/(1)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)=½ is the result of this examination of values.

Method

It is logical that a language specialist can focus on consonants. The interpreter must reflect on the leavens as the artist did on their bases in the poem. People of the theatre use the gestures of the actors for their commentary while musicians have the music in mind when they have just the libretto before their eyes.

Application to Baudelaire

The pencils of mathematicians, living pillars, murmur calculations concerning the universe. Copernic, determining the position of the stars in the sky, wrote [210]: «And in the middle of them all is the Sun. Indeed, in this splendid temple, who would place that luminary in any other or better place than that from which it can light everything at once?» Laplace notes [495]: «We must therefore consider the present state of the universe as the result of its previous state, and as the cause of that which will follow. A mind intelligent enough to understand, at a given moment, all the forces that give life to nature and the respective situations of the beings that constitute it, and also extensive enough to submit this data to analysis, would encompass in the same formula the movements of the largest bodies in the universe and those of the lightest atoms: nothing would be uncertain for it, and the future as well as the past would be present before its eyes. In the perfection with which the human mind has been able to endow astronomy, a faint hint of this intelligence is shown.»

§454
· Full calculation X of (F-confuses…confondent-¦¦¦¦-S-underlining)
Theory

Let us look for the manse of the medium recovery (confuses…confondent-¦¦¦¦-underlining) (confused …mingle-/-underlining). Only the “conf” is repeated and this part of many words does not form a full word. The sonnet remains a crib, since nothing in it is changed after the trope has been noticed. As the two tenures are swamped by the context, the figure of speech appears to have been absorbed and so the conservatory õ=2 follows logically. The many breaks in expression in the course of lines 2, 3, 4 and 5 do not give any means of ensuring a unity of meaning and therefore, for (ñ), we must count the number of fronts between the two terms: “…de vivants piliers Laissent parfois sortir de confuses/////paroles; (L')homme y passe (à) travers (des) forêts (de) symboles Qui l'observent avec (des) regards familiers. Comme (de) longs échos (qui) (de) loin se/////confondent, Dans une ténébreuse et profonde unité…” (…living pillars Let forth at times confused words; There man passes through forests of symbols Which observe him with familiar eyes. Like long echoes which mingle in the distance, In a dark and profound unity…) The total of 18 gives a chest ñ=2+(1(18/10))=2+(1(1.8))=2+1.8=3.8. The ceiling cannot contain any errors, which gives a dresser ã=1. There is no clumsiness in the commentary with a resulting glaze ù=1. It is impossible for there to be any careless mistakes in the repetition in question here and so the cartage (ò) is equal to 1. The common radical prevents any suspicion of abstraction in linking “confuses-confondent” (confused-mingle) and so ì=1 is the proper score for the boss. It does not appear necessary to learn any key with such a concrete doublet so the varnish has to be â=1. No assistance to increased knowledge comes from the turn of phrase, giving a headroom of û=1. Customs are not significant here, justifying the surround (ô) of 1. As any accident is also impossible, the combe has the value of å=1. Our calculation will therefore give us the measurement of plausibility 1/õñãùòìâûôå=1/(2)(3.8)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)=1/7.6 or approximately ⅛.

Method

The particular complexity of the rep requires this strict supervision, repeated for each calculation, and such discipline leads us to review many initially vague aspects of the technique. Hadamard wrote, this time regarding science [423]: «But we should add that application is useful and finally essential to theory, due to the very fact, often ignored, that the former raises new questions on the latter.»

Application to Baudelaire

The vagueness of the idea, inseparable from any confusions, reigns over the arts as much as over the correspondences they evoke. Plato had strong suspicions that these activities, highly delicate but in the stranglehold of the emotions, disregarded too may things to reach any true conclusion [739]: «People in the throes of the delirium of the Corybantes have an ear for any one tune, that of the god that possesses them, and to conform to this tune, have no difficulty in finding gestures and words, with no thought to any others.» The public is linked to the author like a chain of little iron rings hanging from a magnetic stone [736]-[737]-[738]: «And the Deity, through all these intermediaries, attracts where he wills the souls of the humans, passing this power from one to another. From her, like from that stone, an immense chain hangs…» However, it is not from a lack of content, as shown by Baudelaire’s vivacity when commenting on himself in his thoughts on Delacroix [717]-[[1095]] in Index II (Poems)">[[1095]]«"Lake of blood": red; -"haunted by evil angels": supernaturalism; -"a wood always green": green, complementary to red; -"a gloomy sky": the turbulent and stormy backgrounds in his paintings; -"Weber’s fanfares": ideas on romantic music which the harmonies of his colours awaken.»

§455
· Full calculation XI of (F-L’homme y passe-¦¦¦¦-S-Pille la somme)
Theory

Let us imagine behind «L'homme y passe» (There man passes), the meaning “pille la somme” (pillage the amount), since by simplifying the spelling we can change round the letters of “lomypas” (theremanpasses) to give the sounds “pylasom” (pillagetheamount). The sonnet would then call on poets to create their works using references to nature, each mind storing the marvels available but sharing out the booty strictly evenly, compensating good with evil, or one sensation with another. Since the verbal portion does not give any hint of this play on words (F-L'homme y passe-¦¦¦¦-S-pille la somme) (F-There man passes-/-S-pillage the amount), a conservatory of õ=2 is acceptable. A chest ñ=2 is obliged to follow this first attack on the plausibility. A dresser ã=2 is also de rigueur since the lack of loyalty to the meaning of the glebe threatens the ceiling. In the same way a glaze ù=2 results from the clumsiness of “…pille la somme à travers des forêts de symboles…” (…pillage the amount through forests of symbols…) A cartage (ò) of 2 is justified by the gratuitous nature of the trope and its concrete nature seems at first to allow ì=1. However, the physical change never comes about, meaning there has been speculation, giving us the boss ì=2. The lack of any special cipher permits the varnish â=1. No aid to understanding appears to be found in the imagined modification and so we can conclude the headroom is û=1. Since any habits or customs that could lead to this type of figure of speech are not known, the surround ô=1 is appropriate. Similarly the heap is not harmed by any chance encounter and so the combe (å) equals 1. The resulting manse is thus 1/(õ)(ñ)(ã)(ù)(ò)(ì)(â)(û)(ô)(å)=1/(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1)=1/(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)=1/64.

Application to Baudelaire

Pillaging immediate appearances is easier than elaborating reality from ideas for men of art [[1082]] in Index II (Poems)">[[1082]]: «Some have never known their Idol,
And these sculptors, dammed and marked by disgrace,
Who go beating their breasts and brows,

Have but one hope, strange and sombre Capitol!
It is that Death, hovering like a new Sun,
Will bring to bloom the flowers of their minds!»

Method

Science sometimes suffers from the same type of uncertainty, even if its applications guarantee a certain objectivity for correspondences seen between phenomena. To proclaim certainty, as many great minds have dared to do, that there exists a basis to things which will never be known, would require precisely such knowledge since it would be necessary to show how it is different from the results of strictly learned demonstrations [469]-[472]-[472¹]. The only point to note is therefore the presence before us of appearances, some tenacious, others fleeting. Using the strongest of them, we build mirrors, deliberately more precise or on the contrary more amusing through their deforming action, than those that had gone before them [219]. It is striking also to remember that old inclination to see our thought as one of those improvable devices [218].

§456
· Full calculation XII of (F-which-¦¦¦¦-S-hesitation between "forests which" and "symbols which")
Theory

We can guess that the correct plausibility for (F-des forêts de symboles/-¦¦¦¦-/S-des faux rets de saints bols) (F-forests of symbols/-/-/S-illusory nets of saint bowls) will be close to that achieved for previous ones. Furthermore (F-There man passes through forests of symbols/-¦¦¦¦-/S-there symbols pass through forests of men) must also obtain a similar result. It would be preferable to look at (F-Which-¦¦¦¦-S- hesitation between “forests which” and “symbols which”), a rep from «…There man passes through forests of symbols
Which observe him with familiar eyes.» We do not know which log the grammatical game is from and so the conservatory is õ=2. A chest ñ=2 follows on from this, for this case of a sole tenure. The dresser ã=2 is justified because of the risk of a mistake, since a primarily evident significance links «symbols» and «which». Since nothing clumsy comes from the ceiling, the glaze ù=1 is appropriate. There is no possibility of any careless mistake so a cartage ò=1 seems necessary. As a result of the ambiguity of the construction, a boss ì=2 is suitable. The equivocal syntax cannot be at all confused with a special code so a varnish of â=1 seems reasonable. The headroom proves to be û=1 because of the lack of any contribution to knowledge from the turn of phrase. A surround ô=1 also suffices as customs have not been brought into play to give this figure of speech. A combe å=1 is also welcome due to a lack of any accident in the process leading to the imagined trope. The manse calculated is thus 1/(õ)(ñ)(ã)(ù)(ò)(ì)(â)(û)(ô)(å)=1/(2) (2)(2)(1)(1) (2)(1)(1)(1)(1)=2/(2)(2)(2)(2)=1/16.

Method

If we notice afterwards that something has been forgotten in the classification of the logs, the application of the conservatory will obviously have to be revised.

Application to Baudelaire

The search for literary effects in „Correspondences“ is backed up by this declaration [[1085]] in Index II (Poems)">[[1085]]: «O muse of my heart, lover of palaces…

To earn your bread each evening you must,
Like an altar boy, swing the censer,
Sing "Te Deums" in which you do not believe,

Or, hungry acrobat, flaunt your charms
And your laugh swimming in unseen tears,
To have the vulgar public split their sides.»

§457
· Full calculation XIII of (F-Comme de longs échos-¦¦¦¦-S-CComme de longs écchos)
Theory

The basic casting (F-symboles-¦¦¦¦-S-seins bols) (F-symbols-/-S-breasts bowls) would give the same type of result as others discussed previously, and we see that there are more important things to look at. We choose as a new subject the manipulation of the recovery (F-Comme de longs échos-¦¦¦¦-S-CComme de longs écchos) (F-Like long echoes-/-S-Likke long ecchoes). Going through the calculation, an obstacle is added through the supposition that Baudelaire, from his days in secondary school, had become part of the tradition of using the most vigorous spoken language. The heap remains a crib since in appearance nothing strictly has changed. The public has easy access to this trope. The alliteration cannot be absorbed by the context and so a conservatory õ=1 seems welcome. The chest (ñ) is 1 since it profits from the unity of meaning. As the commentary appears justified by the repeating of “co”, this gives a dresser ã=1. Since there is no awkwardness expressed in the ceiling, the glaze is ù=1. Regular poetic usages are not questioned in the glebe and so the cartage can be ò=1. As the material effect has some plausibility, a boss ì=1 is useful. Since the insistent nature of the turn of phrase does not hide any secrets, a varnish â=1 describes it and as it does not have any part in adding to knowledge, the headroom must be û=1. A surround ô=2 is necessary because of the custom invented here, apparently dear to the creator. A combe å=1 suffices as the doublet in sound cannot be explained by any accident. The plausibility is 1/õñãùòìâûôå =1/(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(2)(1)=½.

Method

By removing the strategy related to the poetic customs of the time, we obtain a manse of 1 which is more suitable for the real text. In this way the exercise can be carried out in such a way that our recollection of this famous verse is not damaged since the rectification is immediate once the attempt at variation has been completed.

Application to Baudelaire

We can amuse ourselves by imagining Baudelaire remembering the noise of woodcutters in a mountain landscape with an echo repeating the sound of the axes. It happens that brutal or delicate correspondences, giving life to an object conjured up or painted, hide some unforgettable aspect for the individual. At a very young age, the future writer heard some compliments concerning an artist, praising him for having approached each subject in such a way as to favour inspired passion [710]: «Sometimes, returning home, he found his wife and daughter tearing at their hair, eyes popping out of their heads, in a very Italian style excitement and fury. Pinelli found that superb: "Stop!" he cried to them, "Don’t move, stay like that!" And the drama became a drawing. It can be seen that Pinelli was of that race of artists who walk through physical nature so that it can come to the aid of the laziness of their minds, always ready to "seize their paintbrushes". We can see there is more than a link with poor Léopold Robert who also thought to find in nature…ready-made subjects which, for more imaginative artists, would only have had the value of notes.»

§458
· Full calculation XIV of (F-Like…as¹…as²…as³…as’¹…as’²…like/-¦¦¦¦-/insistence)
Theory

We must now study the plausibility of a composite the tenures of which encompass a large part of the poem „Correspondences“: (Comme¹…comme¹…comme²…comme³…comme’¹…comme’²…Comme²/- ¦¦¦¦-/insistence) (Like¹…as¹…as²…as […as]…as³…as’¹…Like²/-/-/ insistence). As the heap has not been changed, it remains a crib. In a similar way, it seems accessible to the public in general, giving a conservatory õ=1. In the restricted frame of the verse, the repetition gives us a hardener, and it removes the space between the conjunctions with the resulting chest ñ=1. A dresser ã=1 seems unavoidable, the repetition having such an emphatic nature. The commentary in the ceiling is simply given, leading to a glaze ù=1. It is true that Baudelaire used identical words for stress in his work, but these are not in regular poetic usage, and so it seems fair to set the cartage at ò=1. The hammering out of «comme» (as) is too far from abstraction to give a value other than 1 to the boss (ì). There is no need to decipher any code to reveal the turn of phrase and so a varnish â=1 is acceptable. The fact that no instruction comes from this figure of speech means that there is no difficulty accepting the headroom û=1. The surround ô=1 is justified because customs cannot explain these many occurrences of the same word. A combe å=1 appears to characterize a form in which accident has had no part to play. The resulting value of the manse is thus 1/ôñãùòìûôâå=1/(1) (1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)=1/1=1.

Method

To those denigrators of the technical approach to knowledge, we would argue that any distinction between the two aspects of truth, the abstract and the empirical, must be partial. Indeed, the most elementary accuracy of today is a summary of the real-life experience and experiment of yesterday. To understand why it is commonly accepted that 5+7=7+5, we have to imagine a chain of people over hundreds of years and thousands of times over, each putting 5 stones or some such thing in one hand and 7 in the other, and then doing the opposite [6000]-[6001]. As for ideas on nought and infinity, the physical basis can be guessed at using pebbles placed on a table. One, two and so on are taken away, or one or two are added, and this is repeated indefinitely. Memory and intuition of the future allow a mental representation to move from one situation to another. Innate or acquired functions such as “once again” and “partial forgetting” affect our memory of appearances, giving an intellectual result.

Application to Baudelaire

Nevertheless we must remain modest when having recourse to supposition in order to obtain an idea of the world. After speculating in vain on the internal relationships in reality, the theosophist Swedenborg wrote [945]: «I have often been shown by multiple experiments that such a correspondence exists between all that belongs to the heavens and all that belongs to man.» He went on [946]: «This correspondence is not limited to man, it extends even further. There is a correspondence between the heavens themselves: the third heaven or inmost heaven corresponds to the second or middle heaven; the second or middle heaven corresponds to the first or last heaven; and the latter corresponds to man’s bodily forms which are called limbs, organs and viscera.»

§459
· Full calculation XV of (F-confondent…répondent-¦¦¦¦-S-répondent…confondent)
Theory

The high juggling (F-confondent…répondent-¦¦¦¦-S-répondent…confondent) (F-mingle…answer-/-S- answer…mingle) allows us to imagine the possibility of inverting these very stable words. The context makes our approach to this idea far from urgent as the public has to deal with a considerable number of distinctly audacious views, giving a conservatory õ=2. As a result of the rhyme linking «confondent» (mingle) and «répondent» (answer) any space between the two words is eliminated by a hardener, giving a chest ñ=2. A dresser ã=2 is called for, because the play on words risks being illusory. On the other hand, a glaze ù=1 seems justified because of the simple nature of the interpretation. Although the two words have some connection, the strategy of exchange is not a usual method of versification and so the cartage is ò=1. The boss ì=2 proves necessary since the device conceived cannot hide its abstract nature. Since a striking modification is in no way a secret code, a varnish â=1 appears to be correct. We have difficulty seeing how any knowledge can be gained from the imagined turn of phrase, giving us a headroom û=1. Since customary usage cannot explain the permutation, the surround (ô) must have the value of 1. As the poem runs no risk of being subject to an accident, a combe å=1 is acceptable. In this way the manse can be calculated as 1/õñãùòìâûôå=1/(2)(2)(2)(1)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1)=1/(2)(2)(2)(2)=1/16.

Method

For a strange effect, constituting a bad rep does not allow us to conclude that there is no trope at all, just that the exact nature of the alleged figure of style has not been defined.

Application to Baudelaire

Baudelaire often gives the reader the feeling that he has swapped words round, for example with «vicious» and «curious» in the following lines [[999]] in Index II (Poems)">[[999]]: «In ashy, cindery terrains with no greenery,
As I was complaining one day to nature,
And my thoughts drifted aimlessly,
I was slowly sharpening the dagger on my heart,
I saw at the height of noon coming down on my head
A vast, lowering storm cloud,
Bearing a multitude of vicious demons,
Like cruel and curious dwarves.
Coldly they began to observe me
And, as passers-by admire a madman,
I heard them laugh and whisper among themselves,
Exchanging many a sign and many a wink…» We can imagine that inverting the order would have blurred two meanings of «curious», that is “showing curiosity” and “being strange”.

§460
· Full calculation XVI of (F-confondent/Dans-¦¦¦¦-S-confondd/DDans)
Theory

Let us examine the basic recovery (F-confondent/Dans-¦¦¦¦-S-confondd/DDans) (F-mingle/in-/-S- minggll/inn) with a change of historical situation. Let us suppose that a manuscript by the author exists, including this note: “Publish -including the alliterations!” The rep does not achieve certainty since the beginning of the sixth line, stressed by an effort of pronunciation, erases the figure of speech, giving a conservatory õ=2. The chest then takes the value ñ=2. A dresser ã=1 is justified by the alleged document. There is no serious argument concerning the dexterity or clumsiness of the pronunciation of “ddDD”, leading us to set the glaze at ù=1. We have to accept the cartage will be ò=1 since the author seems to favour the trope and as this trope appears highly concrete, a boss ì=1 is easily acceptable. The public has no need to look for any special key or change any linguistic code to understand the poem and so a varnish â=1 seems satisfactory. As this device does not add to our sum of knowledge the headroom û=1 is appropriate. The creator is acting of his own free will and not following any customs, judging by the note discovered, indicating the surround (ô) must be 1. A combe å=1 is the logical conclusion of this evidence of resolution. Overall therefore the manse is 1/õñãùòìâûôå=1/(2)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)=1/(2)(2)=¼.

Method

In the case dealt with here, the document was enough to back up the imagined turn of phrase, although the lack of evidence could not be denied.

Application to Baudelaire

The accent on the “d…D” could, nonetheless, in 1857, have had the appeal of suggesting, softness, abandon, carelessness. Baudelaire, appearing before the court, was accused of harming the weak individually [673]: «The first objection which will be made to me will be this: The book is sad, the name alone tells us that the author wanted to depict evil and its deceptive caresses, to protect against them. Is it not called "The Flowers of Evil"? So then, see in it a lesson rather than an insult. A lesson! This word is soon spoken. But here it is not the truth. Do we believe the heady scent of certain flowers is good to breathe? The poison they bring does not keep us at bay; it goes to our heads, it intoxicates the nerves, it disturbs, it makes us dizzy and it can also kill. I paint evil with its inebriation but also with its poverty and shame, you will say! That may be; but all these many readers for whom you are writing, for you have a circulation of several thousand and you sell cheaply, these numerous readers, of every class, every age, every condition, will they take the antidote of which you speak with as much complacency?»

§461
· Calculation XVII of (F-échos-¦¦¦¦-S-écoles)
Theory

We will now imagine that the writer implied in the fifth line “Comme des écoles qui de loin se confondent…” [with «long echoes» being replaced by “schools” (des écoles) in «Like long echoes which mingle in the distance…»]. The conservatory of (F-échos-¦¦¦¦-S-écoles) (F-echoes-/-schools) has a heap which remains accessible with the literal meaning. Nevertheless it does not seem the public would be prepared for such an alteration, justifying õ=2. For a trope with only one tenure, a chest ñ=2 is the immediate consequence of the value õ=2. The uncertainty concerning the intentions of the poet leads to a dresser ã=2. To go from «de longs échos» (long echoes) to “des écoles” (schools) changes the pronunciation in an awkward way, giving a glaze ù=2. The cartage ò=1 appears to be in no doubt as there has been no anachronism. On the other hand, excessive abstraction in the intellectual drift forces us to accept a boss (ì) of 2. Changing a word cannot easily be considered to be a sort of secret code and so the varnish is â=1. The headroom (û) is 1 because of the absence of any assistance to knowledge in the suspected figure of speech. It proves useful to have recourse to a surround ô=1 because we know of no customs relevant to the type of trope imagined. Finally the combe (å) is 1 because no accident is involved in causing the rep. The resulting manse is negligible: 1/õñãùòìâûôå=1/(2)(2)(2)(2)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1)=1/(2)(2) (2)(2)(2)=1/32.

Application to Baudelaire

These long echoes appear to represent various artistic movements with striking analogies between them, in spite of the sensual diversity of what they were seeking. Around 1630, in the theatre as well as in painting, classical inspiration, including a cross-over of reflections, came to the forefront, uniting different practices and conceptions. Sometimes, we become confused, thinking of Corneille when we were trying to remember a painting by Poussin, and Baudelaire seems to have expressed this phenomenon of correspondences in the image of the second stanza. However, such mental archaeology of the sonnet is only valid in our imagination as it cannot be confirmed by calculation.

Method

It is true that the numbers appear small for aesthetic matters, but to declare that taste is the only decisive factor when analysing works of the imagination would result in even more serious drawbacks. Plato was severe in his judgement of the attitude which in his time was like that of the partisans of entirely subjective interpretation [741]: «Now let us look at this, Hermogenes. Do you think that this is true for all beings and that their essence varies with each individual? That was the thesis of Protagoras when he declared that man "is the measure of all things", doubtless meaning that things are to me as they appear to me and that as they appear to you, so they are to you. Or do you think they have a certain permanent essence of their own?» If there is nothing to prove either right or wrong, no-one is mad, but as, on the contrary, such madness does exist, we have to come to a different conclusion [742]: «And so I imagine you agree completely, since reason and folly exist, that is impossible for Protagoras to have been right.» Today the notion of the possible leads to a closely related difficulty, because of the bridge between error and its opposite which is laid down for it. On the other hand the numerical scale 1, ½, ¼, ⅛, 1/16 provides the means not to ruin true and false while at the same time seeking out intermediary zones between these two extremes. Since the middle rungs of the scale are admitted, the mind is no longer inclined to reject what is above or below because of a lack of finesse, and therefore the notion of the probable is very useful [585].

§462
· Calculation XVIII of a complete manse
Theory

Let us establish the recovery (F-Vast-¦¦¦¦-S-Vaast) which comes down to conceiving the exclamation “Ah!” in the seventh line. Let us also imagine that all the copies of the poem contain hundreds of black marks, all over the place, as if things had been underlined here and there, one line being under the “A” of «Vast». The person interpreting the poem can envisage saying “Vaast” but cannot tell whether the strange presentation comes from the creator or was produced accidentally by a careless printer. As the heap is not a crib as a result of this situation, a conservatory õ=2 is necessary. The chest (ñ) is then inevitably equal to 2, for a single tenure, by definition in continuity with itself. A dresser ã=2 is appropriate as the risk of making a mistake over the meaning dominates. There is no awkwardness to be seen in the ceiling “Vaast” and so the glaze (ù) is worth 1. As the critics can see that they lack the necessary knowledge to understand the meaning of the glebe, the cartage ò=2 is opportune. The marks which physically spoil the paper lead to a boss ì=1. As there is no indication of any key, we must accept a varnish â=1. With no increase in knowledge coming from this trope, the headroom must be set at û=1. Custom could not have produced this result so the surround (ô) must have the value of 1. The likely accident justifies the combe å=2. Thus we have a manse of 1/õñãùòìâûôå=1/(2)(2)(2)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1)(2)=1/(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)=1/32.

Method

As the calculations have to be altered in accordance with the errors committed at the beginning, we are led to use numbers here without any reverence, just as indicators. This attitude is difficult to defend when there is a mysterious connection to the ideal being hinted at by the Pythagoreans [284]: «From the perfect monad and the indeterminate dyad came numbers; from numbers points; from points lines; from lines surfaces; from surfaces volumes and from volumes all the sensual bodies which come from the four elements: water, fire, earth and air.»

Application to Baudelaire

The need to understand threw Swedenborg even more into vain speculation [944]: «These limbs, organs and viscera mean similar things in the Word, as in the Word everything has a meaning according to correspondences. The head signifies intelligence and wisdom; the breast, charity; the loins, conjugal love; the arms and hands, the power of truth; the feet, natural tendencies; the eyes, understanding; the nostrils, perception; the ears, obedience; the kidneys, the examination of the truth; and so on.»

§463
· Calculation XIX of a complete manse
Theory

Let us examine the trope (F-sounds answer each other-¦¦¦¦-S-ssounds answer each other). We will change the initial situation to have the opportunity of focusing more clearly on certain leavens, and we will conceive a buffer for this, certifying that the writer was against any stressed way of pronouncing the sonnet. Let us also envisage a letter from the author expressing his regret at having allowed “sounds” to be left instead of “noises”, because of an absent-minded typographer. The imagined figure, based on the accentuated consonants, does not lead to any linguistic blurring, nor does it introduces into the heap a message to which it is difficult to gain access. It does not change the status of the crib at all, which invites us to declare a conservatory of õ=1. The chest ñ=1 is indispensible since the eighth line benefits from the continuity of significance. As the new document induces us to consider the ceiling as illusory, the dresser has the value ã=2. Nevertheless, as this commentary contains no awkwardness, a glaze ù=1 must be accepted. The artist’s confidence leads to a cartage ò=2. The pronunciation indicates a concrete figure of speech, favouring a boss ì=1. Articulating in an insistent way cannot be seen as a key and so the varnish (â) is 1. As we do not know of any knowledge benefiting directly from the figure, we can admit the headroom û=1. A surround ô=1 is easily justified, because the buffers do not really promote the idea that the customs are of much importance here. The accident pointed out by the poet directs us to a combe (å) of 2. Overall this play on sounds gives a manse 1/õñãùòìâûôå=1/(1)(1)(2)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1)(2)=1/(2)(2)(2)=⅛.

Method

Artists sometimes change their minds and the kind of stability typical of inferred propositions does not suit imaginative works at all.

Application to Baudelaire

It would be dangerous to overestimate the importance of the forms Baudelaire favoured at any particular time, and Hippolyte Babou wrote [586]: «What I like in him is that he is in command of his verse rather than being dominated by it.» It was this same knowledgeable commentator, attentive to the content, who suggested, during a conversation in a café, the title which the anthology subsequently bore [586]: “the flowers of evil”. Our meditation on „Correspondences“ centres on an affair of the senses, so that we should even reflect on those aspects generally held as secondary in the famous text. We can mention in this connection amber, or rather ambergris, which comes from the intestinal concretions of the sperm whale; musk, secreted from the abdominal gland of a deer; incense, a plant resin [830]-[839]-[843]. Perhaps the cool perfumes come more from the meadows. Carl Linnaeus’ monumental works having been carried out in the previous century, the scientific world knew to characterize flowers as agents of reproduction, uniting at times the male organs, the stamens, with the female ones, the pistils [910]. Thus, if we use the language of the famous botanist, we should say that an iris flower comprises three men and a woman. Another scientist remarked on a mixed correspondence [243]-[911]-[912]: «…"three" unjealous husbands wed the dame.» The fern shows nothing obtrusive in procreating and seems hidden but [244]-[912]: «…the green progeny betrays her loves.»

§464
· Calculation XX of a complete manse
Theory

Let us imagine the following dialogue at the beginning of a piece of writing that appeared to have preceded „Correspondences“ by a few months: “"You address the Perfumes, colours and sounds but do they respond to you?" "Even if they cannot speak, their weights respond to each other, luckily for my nerve…"” A note crosses out the document: “to be altered”. The high recovery (F-respond…respond-¦¦¦¦-S- answer…balance) is part of a rail, the thread of which, by means of pivots, terms and freestones, is certain. Similarly, a clear meaning is expressed in the short exchange of words. These points lead to a conservatory õ=1. The two parts of the glebe are far apart but a logical connection comes from one reply to the other, leading to a chest ñ=1. As the ceiling is reasonable, the dresser is ã=1. To accuse the commentary of being clumsy could only be the result of a failure to see clearly and so a glaze ù=1 is appropriate. A strong suspicion gives a cartage ò=2 because of the note left by the author. The boss must be ì=2 as the rep needs the abstraction to provide a contrast to serve as its basis. Since the alteration of meaning cannot be seen as a special code, the varnish is â=1. This figure of speech is not backed by any knowledge and so a headroom (û) of 1 is sufficient. Custom does not lead directly to this literary game, promoting a surround ô=1. The result is unaffected by any accident, justifying a combe å=1. Under these conditions the manse is appropriately 1/õñãùòìâûôå=1/(1)(1)(1)(1)(2)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1)=1/(2)(2)=¼.

Method

Too much weight should not be given to information of uncertain date. Its fragility comes from the vagueness that surrounds well-known circumstances, concerning ideas or actions attributed to individuals. The versatility of human thought forbids us from taking seriously many indications that appear decisive at first sight. Furthermore, this leads historians now to transfer real knowledge to the more reliable domain of the customs people practise [892]- [893]. In this respect archives only provide the initial track of the detailed research [895]. One of the consequences is that, even if it is imperative to have some vague knowledge of the level of great men, this becomes illusory once it is taken as an objective [894].

Application to Baudelaire

As all the airways have a decisive role in life, we can understand how important on a spiritual level the odours of sanctity have long been [159]: «And when he had taken the book, the four beasts and four and twenty elders fell down before the Lamb, having every one of them harps, and golden vials full of odours, which are the prayers of saints.» Hell is also shown animated by troubled breaths, according to Dante who explored it [227]-[695]: «We did not stop walking while he talked; but we were still going through the forest, the deep forest of the spirits, I mean.»

§465
· Calculation XXI of (Il est/-¦¦¦¦-/Id est)
Theory

The composite of basic castings (Il est/-¦¦¦¦-/Y lait) (There are/-/-/There milk) starts from «Il est» (There are), takes the “L” from the “I” (There) and puts this “L” with «est» (generally "is", but in this case "are") to give “Y lait” (There milk). We can easily see that the plausibility will be similar to that obtained with previous cases. A second possibility would be to take the meaning “île est des parfums frais…” (Island is cool perfumes…) This would lead us to consider purity as an island, or as a clearing in a forest, in the midst of a world that had become considerably less primitive and innocent. As the value of plausibility of this rep is of the same type as in previous cases, let us rather examine (Il est/-¦¦¦¦-/Id est) (There are/-/-/Id est) [864]. The ninth line would add an element to the meaning of the eighth: “…les parfums¹, les couleurs et les sons se répondent. Id est des parfums² frais…et d'autres, corrompus…” (…Perfumes, colours and sounds answer each other. Id est perfumes as cool…and others, corrupt…) The audience would not be likely to imagine this and so there is no doubt over the value of the conservatory, õ=2. The chest ñ=2 follows from this. A dresser ã=2 is justified by the risk of inaccuracy. The passage from “L” to “D” can be seen as awkward and so the glaze is ù=2. The risk of falling into anachronism, from the use of the Latin expression “Id est” in a French poem in 1857, gives as a cartage ò=2. The relationship between «Il est» (There is) and “Id est” requires speculation on a high level and thus the boss (ì) will be 2. Although the words are Latin, the meaning would be clear and therefore the varnish is â=1. “Id est” brings no extra knowledge and so the headroom is û=1. As custom has no part to play in the turn of phrase, the surround is accepted to be ô=1. A combe of å=1 is inevitable since there are no accidents involved in this figure of speech. All in all the measurement of plausibility is 1/õñãùòìâûôå=1/(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1)=1/(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)=1/64.

Method

It is true that it seems intolerable to accept any discontinuity and so restoring the lost unity, even by rather unlikely means, attracts a great deal of curiosity at first, but the bases of the literary game are so weak as to be unconvincing.

Application to Baudelaire

Let us reconstruct the supposed manoeuvre to be able to evaluate its importance. The author imagines a cross-reference from the tercets to the quatrains using “Id est”, and then, looking for a less academic link, he chooses «Il est» (There is). In the eighth line, we learn that there is a balance between the strengths of sensitive materials. At the end of the sonnet, the artist suggests that good and evil are balanced. He might say that original sin and youthful sentiment share our dynamism. Neither can eliminate the other for the simple reason that the one comes from the growth of the other, for once we are grown up, we will become ripe for committing excesses. Even though this religious theme came from Greece and had already been powerful in Jerusalem, facilitating the passage from the Hellenic to the Eastern mind, it was not easily accessible in Baudelaire’s time. Thinkers usually believed in the tradition of ethical conceptions travelling the opposite way, taking them from Palestine to Athens [567].

§466
· Calculation XXII with (F-cool…sweet-¦¦¦¦-S-sweet…cool)
Theory

In considering the high juggling (F-cool…Sweet-¦¦¦¦-S-sweet…Cool) we can imagine the underlying theme “There are perfumes as sweet as the flesh of children, Cool as oboes, green as meadows…” The poet would appear to have avoided the risk of being accused of weakness in his love of children, using the exchange of epithets to this end but letting his intention be guessed at through the logic of “Sweet-touch”. The conservatory õ=2 is justified in this context which absorbs the figure of speech, erasing it or making it inexistent. With õ=2 and the continuity of discourse, the chest (ñ) has the value of 2. A dresser ã=2 is necessary as the risks of attributing to the creator intentions alien to his point of view seem considerable. Due to a certain surface dexterity in the interpretation, a glaze ù=1 proves useful. As the aim does not affect the versification, a cartage ò=1 is sufficient. Unfortunately a boss (ì) of 2 threatens to make the result founder in view of the abstract nature of the play on the delicacy of meanings. As the change of places is not elaborate enough to be a key, a varnish â=1 is appropriate. Any knowledge gained is insufficient to enable us to accept a headroom other than û=1. As custom is not involved, the surround must be ô=1. No accident is plausible and so the combe (å) will be 1. The result is thus 1/õñãùòìâûôå=1/(2)(2)(2)(1)(1)(2)(1) (1)(1)(1)=1/(2)(2)(2)(2)=1/16.

Method

If the critics suspect that the writer has taken up a possible play on words only to leave it aside in the end, the plausibility must remain low. If someone scrawls a letter after a death, indicating the funeral will take place in the town of Saint-Pair-sur-mer (Saint Pair on Sea), and they put “Saint Père sur Mère” (St. Father upon Mother) and then tear the paper up and rewrite the name properly, their intention would be violated if a high plausibility is counted of anything blasphemous in the message finally posted.

Application to Baudelaire

Many illustrations can be made on aspects of great texts, as long as no claim to their being plausible is made. In this way we can imagine a summary: “Man is a space where legs, living pillars, sometimes let forth confused oracles. Through the forest of very ancient symbols, having a bearing on familiar tendencies, original sin passes. Long echoes from the sanctuary of our souls stir up confusedly their opposites in the dark and deep unity of instinct, vast as the night of crime and as the clarity of reason. Perfumes, colours and sounds balancing each other out concentrate the whole of this nature, with all its sides, green like the age-old meadows, cool as the sound of the oboe with its infinite vital breath, sweet as the flesh of children and corrupt as their triumphal consumption, rich as the matter of life, amber, musk, benzoin, and incense crackling in the orgies of the spirit and the senses.”

§467
· Calculation XXIII of a complete manse
Theory

We will now calculate the plausibility of (F-parfums frais/-¦¦¦¦-/S-parffums ffrais) (F-fresh perfumes/-/-/S-ffresh perffumes). To vary a situation which would give results similar to those of the tropes already examined, we will introduce some imaginary circumstances. We will suppose there is a document with the sonnet „Correspondences“ and the note “It is indeed a question of science here and in every line. I have just objected to good old Asselineau who wanted to exclude the use of suggestive sounds.” Equally, we can invent a tradition in which the alliterations were stressed when reading, in Baudelaire’s time, in aesthetic French society. In view of the “F”, the conservatory of õ=1 is suitable. Since there is continuity at the beginning of the verse, the chest ñ=1 just follows the momentum. As the writer accepts this stressed pronunciation, we may have recourse to a dresser ã=1. As there is no clumsiness because the way of thinking has taken its strength from the artistic milieu, a glaze ù=1 is necessary. The fictional character of the document means a cartage ò=1 must be accepted. Because of the dominant concrete character of the turn of phrase, the boss is ì=1. The reader of the time needs to be told of no secret to have access to the figure of speech and so a varnish â=1 is correct. Owing to the writer’s note on the work’s addition to knowledge, û=2 seems desirable at first. However, in this case the author is calling philosophy or poetic art “science”. The effect analysed does not make a contribution to knowledge as it is usually known and so it is better to choose û=1 for the headroom. A surround ô=2 is adapted to the circumstances of the fashion for forced diction. For a text that has not been subject to any physical accident, a combe å=1 appears suitable. The rep envisaged thus earns a manse 1/õñãùòìâûôå=1/(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(2)(1)=1/(2)=½.

Application to Baudelaire

As the discipline of knowledge is remarkably old, a historical agent who disregards it knows full well what he is doing and this encourages the interpreter, in the context of the present example, to reject the passing fancy of the creator. What is more, Baudelaire loved to shock as regards the competences of poets and so the rail invented to this end does not wrong him at all.

Method

According to Bachelard, many studies are often hindered by obstacles arising from choices based on strange ideas but that could have enriched the research initially [53]. It seems an illusion to suppose that someone can decide unintentionally to make an idea public, using words requiring a sustained effort. This may have prevented some brilliant minds from realizing that, most of the time, putting forward a figure of speech calls for a serious determination of will. 179

§468
· Calculation XXIV of (F-chairs d'enfants-¦¦¦¦-S-chers enfants)
Theory

As «chairs d'enfants» (flesh of children) resembles “chers enfants” (dear children), again we can imagine a trope leading a reader anxious to rediscover an older, less certain version of the poem: “There are perfumes as cool as dear children…” The plausibility to be measured concerns (F-chairs d'enfants-¦¦¦¦-S- chers enfants) (F-flesh of children-/-dear children). The rest of the heap does not reveal the hidden meaning to any great extent and so absorbs the content, giving a conservatory õ=2. A chest ñ=2 is required for the same reason. The dresser has the value ã=2 because of the possibility of misunderstanding the glebe. The substitution notably of the sound “Z” for “D” is awkward and so the glaze (ù) is 2. The cartage ò=1 is justified by the historically possible nature of the play on words. The concrete aspect of the lines has not been changed and so the resemblance is a question of abstract speculation, meaning a boss ì=2 proves useful. The critic is aware of no special key and so a varnish â=1 must be accepted. As the figure of speech makes no contribution to knowledge, the headroom is û=1. No habitual usage encourages the meaning obtained, so the only reasonable level for the surround (ô) is 1. A combe å=1 describes well our unawareness of any accident that may have influenced the supposed rep. The manse of (F-chairs d'enfants-¦¦¦¦-S-chers enfants) (F-flesh of children-/-dear children) is therefore calculated to be 1/õñãùòìâûôå=1/(2)(2)(2)(2)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1) (1)=1/(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)=1/32.

Method

Vague wanderings of thought remain as obscure as the hundreds of connections between memories of words from which a writer creates. Even if we have a hazy awareness of some mental function of this kind, we are unfortunately liable to be mistaken when making any detailed reconstitution.

Application to Baudelaire

Since «children» suggests “little”, it is easy to imagine the author intended from the start to establish in the tercets an opposition between perfumes of minute vigour, reflecting the joy of laughing children, and on the other hand smells with a clear or spicy aroma. It should be noted in this connection that in „the Dancing Serpent“ we find the rhyme “enfant-éléphant” (child-elephant) [[1112]] in Index II (Poems)">[[1112]]. However, for „Correspondences“ the writer, trying to avoid causing the reader to smile, seems to have chosen a similar word: «triumphant». Two famous lines in the epic poem declaimed by Turold, unite the theme of the elephant with the forename which Baudelaire would be given later [185]-[186]: «Cumpainz Rollant, sunez vostre olifan,
Si l'orrat Carles, ki est as porz passant.» (Comrade Roland sound your ivory horn,/Thus, Charlemagne will hear it, as he rides through the mountain passes.)

§469
· Calculation XXV of a complete manse
Theory

Let us imagine a manuscript by Baudelaire with just: “Doux Ξ¤☼ 000 verts Ξ¤≈” (Sweet Ξ¤☼ 000 green Ξ¤≈). We will look for the manse of (F-Ξ¤☼…Ξ¤≈/-¦¦¦¦-/S-comme les hautbois…comme les prairies) (F-Ξ¤☼…Ξ¤≈/-/-/S-as oboes…as meadows). All these obscure signs together prevent it having the status of a crib, giving a conservatory of 2, followed by a chest ñ=2+(1(2/10))=2+(1(0.2))=2.2 because of «verts» (green) in between the tenures. A dresser ã=2 is needed as well since the ceiling suggests a doubtful parallel with the sonnet „Correspondences“, which was perhaps written after or before the heap and not at the time of its origin. As the commentary is skilful, recourse to a glaze ù=1 is necessary. A cartage ò=2 is welcome as we are lacking in information to interpret the situation. No suspicious element is contributed by the boss ì=1 since the massive visual effect has an undeniably concrete weight. The varnish â=2 is handy, through the feeling it gives of a special code. As the glebe appears whimsical, not learned, a headroom û=1 seems required. Since no custom leads to such a comical result, we can also accept a surround ô=1. Since the critics do not mention any falsification, error or accident, the combe (å) must be 1. We must therefore conclude for this trope a plausibility of 1/õñãùòìâûôå=1/(2)(2.2)(2)(1)(2)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)=1/(2)(2.2)(2)(2)(2)= 1/35.2.

Method

The material weight is evident here but the formulation has too many serious weaknesses for it to be possible to affirm the presence of a composite. In a similar way, an interjection is immediately remarked upon if the context is accessible, while it is subject to a more cautious approach if the work has many discontinuities.

Application to Baudelaire

The poet does not hesitate in the face of enormity in the anthology "the Flowers of evil", but includes it in the neutral form of classicism, making it so easy to understand the meaning because the substance is not smothered [[1146]] in Index II (Poems)">[[1146]]: «My wife is dead and I am free!
So now I can drink my fill.
When I came home without a penny,
Her crying tore my very heart-strings.

I am as happy as a king;
The air is pure, the sky admirable.
-We had just such a summer
When I fell in love with her…

I threw her into the depths of a well,
And I even dropped on top of her
All the edge stones from the top.
-I will forget her if I can!» 180

§470
· Calculation XXVI of (F-hautbois-¦¦¦¦-S-hauts bois)
Theory

The supposition of a rep “…doux comme les hauts bois…” (…sweet as the high woods…) allows us to measure the plausibility of (F-hautbois-¦¦¦¦-S-hauts bois) (F-oboes-/-S-high woods). As the heap easily allows the imagined meaning to go unnoticed, the conservatory takes the value õ=2. The chest conforms to this determination, assuming the level ñ=2. In the same way, the dresser expresses the weakness of the supposition through ã=2. On the other hand the glaze (ù) must be equal to 1 as there is no clumsiness marking the commentary on the ceiling. As nothing anachronistic comes to light, the cartage is appropriate at ò=1. While the presentation remains the same, obtaining two words from one is an abstract manoeuvre, and so the figure is correctly depicted in a boss of ì=2. A play on words cannot have the status of a key and so the varnish is â=1. The headroom is û=1 for a glebe which is not responsible for any instruction. The surround ô=1 is justified with a trope which owes nothing to customary usage. The combe å=1 measures the complete independence of the turn of phrase from any possible accident. From there comes the manse 1/(õ)(ñ)(ã)(ù)(ò)(ì)(â)(û)(ô)(å)=1/(2)(2)(2)(1)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1)=1/(2)(2)(2)(2)=1/16.

Application to Baudelaire

The high woods often give refuge to other beings whose existence interested Auguste Comte [206]: «Although the moral nature of animals has up to now been very little and very poorly investigated, we can nevertheless recognize, without the slightest uncertainty, mainly among those that live with us in a more or less completely familiar way, and by the same general means of observation that we would use with regard to men whose language and customs were not previously known to us, that not only do they apply their intelligence, essentially in the same way as man, to satisfy the needs of their various organs, using when necessary a certain degree of language corresponding to the nature and extent of their relations; but besides this, they are similarly capable of a more disinterested type of need, consisting in the direct exercise of their animal faculties, just because these faculties exist, and for the unique pleasure of exercising them. This often leads them, like children or savages, to invent new games which at the same time make them, but to a much lesser extent, subject to real "ennui". This state, presented inappropriately as a special privilege of human nature, is sometimes even marked enough in certain animals to push them to commit suicide when their captivity has become intolerable.»

Method

The ideal of reason based on measurement diverts the forces that drove us to hunt and gather towards new occupations. Starting from an inner motivation for survival, knowledge of a phenomenon is established slowly through intermediate stages, in the same way we come to accept 0+1=1. The positivist philosopher nevertheless recognizes the danger of misunderstanding the consequences of this elementary gift from the start [205]: «For our daily experience shows, on the contrary and in a most unequivocal way, that affections, inclinations and passions constitute the principle motivations of human life; and that, far from resulting from intelligence, their spontaneous and independent impulsion is indispensable for the first awakening and continued development of various intellectual faculties, by giving them a permanent objective, without which, besides the necessary drift of their general direction, they would remain essentially static in most people.»

§471
· Calculation XXVII of a complete manse
Theory

We will now suppose that at some future moment only a single page of the anthology "the Flowers of evil" remains in existence but luckily this page contains „Correspondences“. We go on to imagine an unexplained but noticeable green stain on the word “green” in the first tercet. After consulting various works, we doubt that this colour could have been put at this particular place on the paper on purpose and so examine the manse of (F-green stain on "green"-¦¦¦¦-S-insistence). The thread requires no reference to a phenomenon that appears to have resulted from some unlucky action and so the conservatory õ=1 appears favourably. The chest ñ=1 expressed the reduced extent of this problematical stain. A dresser ã=2 seems welcome as the risk of error in the ceiling is high. A glaze (ù) of 1 is admissible because the commentary is skilfully based on appearances. Conversely a cartage ò=2 is necessary in view of the fact that the critics are hampered by a lack of knowledge. The turn of phrase has the necessary physical aspect to give a boss ì=1. There is no debate regarding any special code as the trope looks like an ornament or maculation and so the varnish is â=1. As there is no question of knowledge in the glebe, a headroom û=1 is justified. Inventing some custom or habit would be unacceptable, meaning the best result for the surround (ô) is 1. The accident that may have occurred makes a combe å=2 appropriate. Under these conditions the plausibility can be measured as 1/(õ)(ñ)(ã)(ù)(ò)(ì)(â)(û)(ô)(å)=1/(1)(1)(2)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1)(2)=1/(2)(2)(2)=⅛.

Method

Any unforeseen turn of events is suspicious and so several criteria are necessary to evaluate this type of incident. In this way, taking them as a whole, any vagaries of interpretation that could arise from insignificant events become practically futile. When such unity is absent, opinions insufflate numerous flights of fancy linked to dubious interests into the lacunae in our knowledge [909].

Application to Baudelaire

Of the many forms of light, Baudelaire only quotes green in the sonnet. However he considered "green" language which in French has the meaning risqué or raunchy, to be out of place and vulgar in art. It would be appropriate here to consider the spring and the reproductive activities associated with it. In „the Fountain of blood“ the poet names the complementary colour at the moment when he is imagining the content of his veins flooding a whole neighbourhood [[1044]] in Index II (Poems)">[[1044]]: «Through the city, as in a battlefield,
It flows away, making the pavements into islands,
Assuaging the thirst of every creature,
And everywhere colouring nature red.» Rousseau was also captivated by the idea of the unwitting victim [875]: «…I saw a large Danish dog rush up to me as it bolted in front of a carriage and did not have time to slow down…All at that very moment I could not remember anything; I had no distinct idea of myself, nor the slightest idea of what had just happened to me; I neither knew who I was nor where I was; I felt no pain, no fear, no worry. I saw my blood flow as I would have seen a stream run by, without thinking at all that this blood belonged to me in any way.» Desire is another sacrificer [[1045]] in Index II (Poems)">[[1045]]: «I sought in love a forgetful slumber,
But love for me is but a bed of nails
Made to quench the thirst of those cruel girls!»

§472
· Calculation XXVIII with a complete manse
Theory

The turn of phrase (F-prairies-¦¦¦¦-S-prés rient) (F-meadows-/-S-pastures laugh), with the French word for meadows split to form “pastures laugh”, has a plausibility which has already been shown by other figures of speech. We will therefore look at an imaginary situation in order to refine our calculation methods further. One day in the distant future, a single copy of verses resembling those of „Correspondences“ is found which contains a highly learned, encyclopaedic discourse, but where one syllable is missing. Instead of «…Sweet as oboes, green as meadows…» the tenth line contains the words “…receptive as mirrors and pi…” We assume a trope (F-pi-¦¦¦¦-S-pistils) and on investigating the verses which have resisted the passage of time, we can see the risk if the public is a reduced one of amateurs but skilled in art and science, the phenomenon of the literary coterie, which means the conservatory will be set at õ=2. The chest ñ=2 conforms to this value. The risks of making a mistake in the meaning of the commentary give a dresser ã=2. As the ceiling is not clumsy in any way, a glaze ù=1 seems acceptable. Because the knowledge is fragmentary, it is prudent to count the cartage as ò=2. As the incomplete word produces a concrete effect, we have to accept a boss ì=1. No special code seems to have been used and so the varnish must be â=1. Owing to the other lines, the headroom has to be û=2. We are unaware of any customs that might have produced this figure of speech which gives us a surround ô=1. The likely accident that has harmed the physical signs of the heap means the combe is å=2. The manse gathers these figures together to give 1/(õ) (ñ)(ã)(ù)(ò)(ì)(â)(û)(ô)(å)=1/(2)(2)(2)(1)(2)(1)(1)(2)(1)(2)=1/(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)=1/64.

Method

The boss presents a slight difficulty since the interruption is likely to have arisen from some patch of mould rather than from the creator or the interpreter. Fortunately there are sufficient leavens remaining to compensate for this problem. Aristotle wrote [34]: «We will have fulfilled our task sufficiently if we give explanations of the nature of the subject with which we are dealing. The fact is that we should not seek to be equally rigorous in all discussions, in the same way we do not expect all artistic and technical productions to be made with the same exactitude.»

Application to Baudelaire

The meadows accommodate goodness, until such time as knowledge arrives [113]: «Give ear, O ye heavens, and I will speak; and hear, O earth, the words of my mouth. My doctrine shall drop as the rain, my speech shall distil as the dew, as the small rain upon the tender herb, and as the showers upon the grass: Because I will publish the name of the Lord: ascribe ye greatness unto our God.» Social life is not forgotten [106]: «And the Lord said, I have surely seen the affliction of my people which are in Egypt, and have heard their cry by reason of their taskmasters; for I know their sorrows; And I am come down to deliver them out of the hand of the Egyptians, and to bring them up out of that land unto a good land and a large, unto a land flowing with milk and honey…»

§473
· Calculation XXIX of (F-hyphen in the eleventh line-¦¦¦¦-S-separation)
Theory

Let us look for the plausibility of (F-hyphen in the eleventh line-¦¦¦¦-S-separation) which delimits the part of the poem in which the main direction of ideas changes: «There are perfumes as cool…-And others, corrupt…» A conservatory of õ=2 seems to describe the case correctly since this mark of a freestone, belonging to usual ways of writing, is absorbed by the sonnet and so cannot lead to an intrusion. The chest ñ=2 is susceptible to this first limitation. With a ceiling that remains discrete, a dresser ã=1 suffices. We can sense no clumsiness in the commentary and so we obtain a glaze ù=1. Since regular poetic methods are not in question, a cartage ò=1 is justified. For such a concrete punctuation mark, a boss of ì=1 is appropriate. Baudelaire uses no special code, necessitating a varnish â=1. The headroom û=2 is useful in view of the role of the written symbol in the division of ideas. The surround ô=2 comes from the artist’s tendency to use hyphens frequently. The figure of speech appears unaffected by accidents with a resulting combe å=1. These values give a manse of 1/õñãùòìâûôå=1/(2)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(2)(2)(1)=1/(2)(2)(2) (2)=1/16.

Method

Although a writer and a creator are not the same thing, one producing a series of works, the other just the text being analysed, we must admit that one person’s habits may remain constant over many years. We only commit an error of reasoning if we claim that they could not have changed beliefs or practices at the moment of creation.

Application to Baudelaire

The author focuses, at the end of the heap, on the formidable perspectives to which he has guided his public. It is true that he sees the danger that his readers will become tired of considerations on bitter subjects, and yet he feels he must elaborate on this expressive side too often neglected by his illustrious contemporaries [[993]] in Index II (Poems)">[[993]]: «If rape, poison, stabbing, fire
Have not as yet adorned with their pleasant designs
The banal canvas of our pitiful fates,
It is just that our souls, alas, are not bold enough.» Homeric poetry has furnished a sombre model [441]: «Oh poor friend! Oh Menelaus! Why show such consideration for these men? Have you so much to congratulate yourself on for having these Trojans in your home? No! Let us make sure none of them escape death, at our hands, not even the boy in his mother’s womb, not even the fugitive! May all the men of Ilion disappear together, leaving no trace and without mourning!»

§474
· Calculation XXX of a complete manse
Theory

The expression (F-corrompus-¦¦¦¦-S-corps rompus), splitting «corrompus» (corrupt) into two words “corps rompus” meaning “broken bodies” (F-corrupt-/-S-broken bodies), would give a manse similar to those already calculated for other imagined verbal distortions. It is therefore more useful to alter the basic situation. We will invent the situation in which a manuscript of „Correspondences“ exists bearing the words “bodies chemically broken”, thus rearranging the context of the trope. The conservatory õ=2 transcribes the fact that for the public the literary play on words goes unnoticed as the apparent meaning suffices. This negative effect immediately translates into a chest ñ=2. The note discovered gives a dresser ã=1 as the risk of disloyalty to the creator’s intentions is thus lessened. No awkwardness remains as the doubling of the “R” allows, in this particular case, a slight pause, the equivalent of the one that separates the words as they are spoken, and so this leads to a glaze ù=1. The cartage ò=1 is considerably favoured by the new document. The internal break in “corrompus” seems at first sufficiently concrete to leave no room for doubt over ì=1, but this is just an illusion because the stop in the middle of the word is merely possible, not absolutely necessary. As an abstraction decides that one word must give two, the boss is ì=2. The critics are aware of no special code having been devised here and so the varnish â=1 is appropriate. The writer’s remark, found through erudition, raises the question of a scientific content in the turn of phrase, and so û=2 becomes the object of discussion. However, nothing really scientific appears here and the fictional author expresses himself sparingly since the rest of the sonnet remains untouched. The result is that a headroom û=1 best describes the situation. As no custom has any role in the figure, the surround ô=1 is favoured. The word “corrompus” (corrupt) has not come about by accident, justifying a combe å=1. By these leavens, the plausibility value reaches 1/õñãùòìâûôå=1/(2)(2)(1)(1)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1)=⅛.

Method

The commentaries made by an author on his own book, are subject to the greatest of reservations since it would be necessary, if they were to exist as buffers, for the origin of the text analysed to be identical to that determined for them. As this can take only a matter of seconds, the debate about such and such a rep runs the risk of lasting indefinitely. The creator sometimes ceases to exist through some new motive, and so he becomes just the author who can denounce the initial meaning of the work by saying he has changed his mind.

Application to Baudelaire

The human body is broken in torture or love and we should not be surprised that corruption reaches the land of Aphrodite [547]- [[1138]] in Index II (Poems)">[[1138]]: «What is that sad, black island? -It is Cythera
They tell us, a country famed in songs,
Banal Eldorado of all confirmed bachelors.
But look, after all, it is a poor land.

Island of sweet secrets and feasts of the heart!
The superb phantom of the ancient Venus
Glides over your seas like a haunting scent,
And loads the minds with languishing love.

Beautiful island of green myrtle, full of flowers in bloom,
For ever venerated by all nations.
Where the sighs of hearts in adoration
Roll like incense over a garden of roses

Or like the endless cooing of the ringdove!
-Cythera was but the most barren of lands,
A rocky desert troubled by shrill cries.
But I glimpsed there a curious object:

It was not a temple in the shades of the woods,
Where the young priestess, lover of flowers,
Would go, her body burning with secret warmth,
Half-opening her robe to the fleeting breezes;

But as we skirted closely round the shore
To disturb the birds with our white sails
We saw that it was a gibbet with three branches,
Standing out against the sky like a cypress tree.»

§475
· Calculation XXXI of (F-Corr…corr-¦¦¦¦-S-insistence)
Theory

Because of the notion of balance which is undeniable in “répondre” (to answer, respond), it would be a good idea to examine (F-Corr…corr-¦¦¦¦-S-insistence). From the title «Correspondences» to line 11, where the word «corrupt» is found, the distance seems too great for the link to be evident. As a result the conservatory should be õ=2, the context making the turn of phrase invisible. A chest ñ=2+(1(56/10))=2+ (56/10)=2+5.6=7.6 is necessary as the poem contains 56 fronts between the two syllables: “Nature, est, temple, où, vivants, piliers, Laissent, parfois, sortir, confuses, paroles, homme, y, passe, travers, forêts, symboles, Qui, l', observent, avec, regards, familiers, Comme, longs, échos, loin, se, confondent, Dans, ténébreuse, profonde, unité, Vaste, comme, nuit, et, clarté, parfums, couleurs, sons, se, répondent, est, parfums, frais, comme, chairs, enfants, Doux, comme, hautbois, verts, comme, prairies, autres” (Nature, is, temple, where, living, pillars, let, times, forth, confused, words, man, there, passes, through, forests, symbols, which, him, observe, with, eyes, familiar, Like, long, echoes, distance, mingle [together], In, dark, profound, unity, Vast, as, night, and, light, Perfumes, colours, sounds, each, other, answer, are, perfumes, cool, as, flesh, children, Sweet, as, oboes, green, as, meadows, others). The dresser, because of the risk of inventing the connection, has a value of ã=2. On the other hand the glaze ù=1 is convincing as no clumsiness has been committed. Since the author could have missed this repetition of the “corr” sound, a cartage ò=2 is appropriate. With such a concrete link, the boss (ì) is worth 1. No new code is needed to obtain an idea and so the varnish (â) is 1. Since there is no addition to knowledge from this linking of sounds, a headroom û=1 is justified. As habits have no role to play in the glebe, a surround ô=1 is acceptable. There is no accident related to this repetition and so the combe å=1 is not in doubt. Finally the manse has the value 1/õñãùòìâûôå=1/(2)(7.6)(2)(1)((2)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)=1/(2)(7.6)(2)(2)=1/60.8

Method

The forms of measurement are not based on any certainty here because the creator could expect many things from a public that is not easily represented, such as establishing links between distant thoughts. Zazzo notes [981]: «When we dream, but also "when we think", when we reflect, we leap from one place to another…»

Application to Baudelaire

Confronted by a poet grasping the equilibrium of perfumes, colours and sounds, or even possibly that of good and evil, our intelligence needs to make a leap, to seize on an image intractable to common sense, while at the same time meditating on the inner unity of the remark, recomposed with difficulty. The segment «observe him with…eyes» seems close to repetition. In a similar way, the “symbol” houses something mysterious rather than an impression of “familiarity”. It is, according to common usage, from a well and not a “pillar” that truth “comes forth”. Other correspondences result from this too: “Nature is a space in which living wells let obscure truths grow; man passes in these forests which are laden with his faults, with mysterious symbols.” Don Juan is thus described by his valet [543]: «My young lady, here is the catalogue
Of the beauties my master has loved;
A catalogue that I drew up myself;
Look, read it with me.

In Italy, six hundred and forty;
In Germany, two hundred and thirty…But in Spain there are already one thousand and three…And you have women of all ranks…» Zeus apparently served as a model [445]: «Hera, there will be time later to go there. Come! Let us go to bed and taste the pleasures of love. Never has such desire for a goddess or a woman flooded and mastered the heart in my breast, -no, not even when I fell in love with…-nor…-nor…-nor…-nor…-nor…-never as much as I love you at this moment and such sweet desire has me in its hold.»

§476
· Calculation XXXII with a complete manse
Theory

We can imagine Baudelaire’s poem used to transmit a secret message. The soldier receiving these lines must find in them a word with the symmetry “vowel¹-consonant¹-consonant¹-vowel¹” and then interpret it as an order. The spy finds «corrompus» with “orro” and he rapidly comprehends that his mission is to corrupt the individual he had been following up to then. We must now estimate the plausibility of (F-orro-¦¦¦¦- S-corrupt). The importance attached to “orro” is here the effect of the idea that wants to convey a very small circle of people, those involved in fraudulent political action and this gives us a conservatory õ=2. For a single tenure, the immediate consequence of a chest ñ=2 is timely. As the significance Baudelaire intended is set aside once the coding is used, there appears to be a total lack of loyalty and so the dresser is ã=2. There is no awkwardness, indeed far from it, in this matter, meaning a glaze ù=1 is appropriate in this case. As Baudelaire actually uses the symmetry “orro”, the cartage has a value ò=1. The physical presence of “orro” seems at first glance to require the boss ì=1. But the abstract instruction given to the interpretation of the message eventually forces us to accept ì=2. The existence of a key allowing access to the ceiling gives us the varnish â=2. As the glebe has nothing technical about it, it justifies the headroom û=1. In the secret use of the symmetry “orro” no usual habit of the poet is involved, leading to a surround ô=1. A combe of å=1 is sufficient as the critics know of no accident to which the poem was directly subject. The quantity of the manse resulting from all this is 1/õñãùòìâûôå=1/(2)(2)(2)(1)(1)(2)(2)(1)(1)(1)=1/(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)=1/32.

Method

The present calculation suffers from the difficulty of reaching agreement on the implausibility criteria, as well as their material notation, since the concrete part of the language is constituted largely of an encoding piece. To overcome this obstacle, we will once again have to use as a basis the habits of technical definitions.

Application to Baudelaire

Perfumes that we burn are sometimes as good as a message full of gratitude or honour [452]: «At the top of the pyre they place the corpse, their hearts in despair. Many a fat sheep, many a horned oxen of crooked gait are slaughtered and skinned by them in front of the fire. From each, magnanimous Achilles takes fat with which to cover the body from head to foot; and then all around he piles the butchered bodies. He also takes jars full of oil and honey, placing them against the funeral pyre. With great moaning, he quickly throws on the fire four proud mares. Lord Patrocles had nine pet dogs: he slits the throats of two of them and throws them on the fire. He does the same for twelve noble sons of the magnanimous Trojans, massacring them with the bronze blade, his thoughts solely on the works of death! At last he lets loose the implacable fire so that it would devour all. And he sobs, calling on his friend: I salute you, Patrocles, even in the depths of Hades! All that I had promised you in the past, I will accomplish right now.» In the Bible we find these words [157]: «Be ye therefore followers of God, as dear children; And walk in love, as Christ also hath loved us, and hath given himself for us an offering and a sacrifice to God for a sweetsmelling savour.» God travels across time [161]: «And another angel came and stood at the altar, having a golden censer; and there was given unto him much incense, that he should offer it with the prayers of all saints upon the golden altar which was before the throne. And the smoke of the incense, which came with the prayers of the saints, ascended up before God out of the angel’s hand.»

§477
· Calculation XXXIII of (F-triumphant…expansion/-¦¦¦¦-/S-tri-umphant…expansi-on)
Theory

Breaking down neighbouring words in lines 11 and 12 makes us pay attention and so let us measure (F-triumphant…expansion/-¦¦¦¦-/S-tri-umphant…expansi-on). As with poetic licence the heap can integrate the diaerisis, we would have õ=2 as the public would only understand in these analyses of vowels such a device as could be expected in a sonnet. However, the procedure takes place in a persistent way in adjoining lines not just as a result of normal versification, justifying on the contrary a conservatory (õ) of 1. From this the chest will be ñ=1 since «triumphant» and «expansion» give us a strong impression of solidarity: «Il est des parfums frais…Et d'autres, corrompus, riches et triomphants,

Ayant l'expansion des choses infinies…» (There are perfumes as cool…And others, corrupt, rich and triumphant,//Having the expansion of infinite things…) The dresser will have the value ã=1 from the obvious interpretation. Apparently ò=2 is appropriate as the creator is seeking to obtain the number of syllables necessary for Alexandrines, but if we consider the affair more closely, he did not need to repeat this in two consecutive lines, and so the cartage has the value 1. The physical break in the words gives a boss ì=1. The varnish (â) is 1 as we cannot see any special code that should be learnt here, beyond the artistic codes. As far as knowledge is concerned, the so-called rep does not play a decisive role, even as regards the diphthongs “i- um” and “i-on”, giving a headroom û=1. Superficially, poetic usage seems to mark the trope, so ô=2 would be necessary. However, custom does not encourage any double separation in vowel pronunciation, meaning the surround should rather be 1. As no accident is known of, a combe å=1 is justified. The manse assembles these data to give 1/õñãùòìâûôå=1/(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)=1/1=1.

Method

We feared it would be impossible to unify in the same doctrine all that has been put forward, as the counting method has to embrace all the various types of figures of speech, tartans, intrusions, collisions and felts, but the main thing is the phenomenon grasped, not the passing construction which will be followed later by others benefitting from our increased experience. The idea is to bring the facts to mind through the measurements, and a fisherman does not look for beautiful nets but for fish. Newton himself gave priority not to the hypothesis but to the content [557].

Application to Baudelaire

Even if tenacious expansion conquers thought, the correspondence of a nauseous perfume with triumph must not be forgotten [447]: «Achilles nevertheless goes round the camp to order the Myrmidons to take up arms. They are like hungry wolves, brave at heart, who in the mountains, tear up and then devour a large antlered stag. Their jowls are all red with blood and they go as a pack to lap with their thin tongues the surface of the black water gushing from a dark spring, while spitting out the blood of death, their bellies heavy but their hearts and breasts still intrepid.» Victory gives a corrupt feeling of participating in the foundations of the world [451]: «As a mighty fire rages through the deep valleys of a parched mountain -the thick forest burns and the wind, sending it in all directions, makes the flames eddy and swirl- so leapt Achilles, in all directions, spear in hand, like a god, hurling himself on his victims. The black soil is running in blood. In the same way broad-browed oxen are yoked to crush white barley on the well-laid threshing floor, and the grain is quickly freed from its husks by the bellowing oxen’s hooves, under magnanimous Achilles, horses with massive hooves crush the dead and the shields. And the axles underneath and the rails are steeped in blood; it spurts out under the horses’ hooves and the rims of the wheels. The son of Peleus burns to conquer in glory and blood-stained dust sullies his redoubtable hands.»

§478
· Calculation XXXIV of (F-infinite-¦¦¦¦-S-infinite…infinitesimal)
Theory

The twelfth line «…Having the expansion of infinite things…» can be interpreted “…having the infinite expansion of infinitesimal things…” In this case we have a near repetition of an identical word with two different significances [823]. The rep would be (F-infinite-¦¦¦¦-S-infinite…infinitesimal). As the context absorbs the figure of speech, õ=2 is justified for the conservatory. The chest ñ=2 comes from the tightening up of the expression. A dresser ã=2 is deserved because of the risks of interpretation. There is no clumsiness about the commentary and so the glaze is acceptable at ù=1. On a historical level, it is hard to contest the possibility of the trope and so a cartage ò=1 seems reasonable. A change of place along with some abstraction becomes necessary and therefore the boss ì=2 is appropriate. Since no coding is required, a varnish â=1 seems sensible. In spite of the use of a word important for science, a headroom û=1 remains suitable as religious or satanic views dominate the sonnet. Some aesthetic habits of the time as regards the literary theme of infinity would have to be known to oppose a surround ô=1. The level of the combe at å=1 is assured because we are aware of no accident involved. The measurement of plausibility is thus 1/õñãùòìâûôå=1/(2)(2)(2)(1)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1)=1/(2)(2)(2)(2)=1/16.

Method

The first leavens, or truth filters, serve more than the others as the later ones fill the lacunae left by the early, insufficiently strict sealing off. The imitation of the calculation of probabilities, the limits of which were set by a technique improved on little by little empirically, is not completely incoherent. Spinoza himself, in spite of being in favour of a mathematics-based philosophy, uses iron workers as models [163]-[922]: «…gradually from the most simple tasks to tools, from tools to other jobs and other tools, they managed to execute numerous and very difficult pieces of work, without much effort.»

Application to Baudelaire

We have no difficulty believing that the natural world Baudelaire imagined extends to the whole of reality [844]. Even if the devil is undefined, God is seen as an absolute and fixed marker [107]«And Moses said unto God, Who am I, that I should go unto Pharaoh, and that I should bring forth the children of Israel out of Egypt? And he said, Certainly I will be with thee; and this shall be a token unto thee, that I have sent thee: When thou hast brought forth the people out of Egypt, ye shall serve God upon this mountain. And Moses said unto God, Behold, when I come unto the children of Israel, and shall say unto them, The God of your fathers hath sent me unto you; and they shall say to me, What is his name? what shall I say unto them? And God said unto Moses, "I am that I am": and he said, Thus shalt thou say unto the children of Israel, "I am" hath sent me unto you.»

§479
· Calculation XXXV of (F-which…which…which-¦¦¦¦-S-similarity between the three occurrences)
Theory

The trope “…l'ammmbre, le musc, le bennnjoin et l'ennncens…” (…ammmber, musk, bennnzoin and innncense…) resembles certain other alliterations we have already measured. The play on words in which “en sang” (in blood) is read for «encens» (incense), pronounced the same, seems also likely to be calculated at a similar level as other such turns of phrase. A rep less like problems previously envisaged is found in the use of «which» three times. This is shown as (F-Qui…qui…Qui-¦¦¦¦-S-grouping of things concerned by these three occurrences) (which…which…which-/-grouping of things concerned by these three occurrences). The author’s aim would have been to unify his perspective as regards several natural elements considered as symbols. This field covers a large part of the text: «Qui…observent…qui…se confondent…Qui chantent…» (Which observe…which mingle…Which sing…) The conservatory has the value õ=2 by the context in which the almost imperceptible figure of speech appears. For the chest, the tenures which are the furthest apart are the two «Qui» (which-es) and the space can be counted as n=50, for the fronts: “l', observent, avec, regards, familiers, Comme, longs, échos, loin, se, confondent, Dans, ténébreuse, profonde, unité, Vaste, comme, nuit, et, clarté, parfums, couleurs, sons, se, répondent, est, parfums, frais, comme, chairs, enfants, Doux, comme, hautbois, verts, comme, prairies, autres, corrompus, riches, triomphants, Ayant, expansion, choses, infinies, Comme, ambre, musc, benjoin, encens” (him, observe, with, eyes, familiar, Like, long echoes, distance, together, mingle, In, dark, profound, unity, Vast, as, night, and, light, Perfumes, colours, sounds, other, answer, are, perfumes, cool, as, flesh, children, Sweet, as, oboes, green, as, meadows, others, corrupt, rich, triumphant, Having, expansion, things, infinite, Like, amber, musk, benzoin, incense). The total gives a chest ñ=2+(1(50/10))=2+(1(5))=2+5=7. As the ceiling is more than audacious, the dresser must be ã=2. Of course, the interpretation is not particularly plausible, but is very clever, giving therefore a glaze ù=1. The creator may have just not noticed this repetition of «qui» (which) in the poem as the relative pronoun is so common and this justifies the cartage ò=2. There is considerable abstraction in the supposition of the rep, leading to a boss ì=2. The ordinary syntax being by definition incapable of any hidden codes, â=1 is the correct value for the varnish. No knowledge is produced and so the situation is adequately described by a headroom û=1. Grammatical usage cannot be confused with Baudelaire’s usual habits so a surround ô=1 is accepted. Any accident is ruled out and so the combe must be å=1. The manse is thus 1/õñãùòìâûôå=1/(2)(7)(2)(1)(2)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1)= 1/(2)(7)(2)(2)(2)=1/112.

Method

The multiple functions of several leavens make the reasoning somewhat unclear. Descartes exposed the principles of his methods thus [266]: «The first was never to accept anything as true that I did not know from evidence to be such…The second, to divide each of the problems I examined into as many parts as possible and as required the better to solve them.» The second precept is ideal for analytical comprehension. On the other hand, the mathematician following the first rule would be rather reckless as many questions might be neglected in which hesitant progress could have been made through weak conceptions soon surmounted. Such a judgement reminds us of Wittgenstein’s advice [978]: «If one cannot manage to speak about something, one must pass over in silence.» Charlatans will encourage scholars and scientists to obey this rule, because this abandonment would make hucksters, in the field of unsolved questions, the masters.

Application to Baudelaire

“Amber, musk, incense and benzoin sing.” This use of images, more modest than an erudite statement, often leads slowly by degrees. The perfumes quoted by Baudelaire have themselves more modest relations. The walker in Paris can smell the scent of the high wood, trees or planks needed on building sites. In each of the buildings under construction, workers specialised in different trades call to each other and reply. Braces, saws, axes, drills each make different noises when they are used. In the urban temple, there are various coloured trunks from different trees: oak, cedar, chestnut, fir, walnut, beech, cherry, pine. The metal worker considers alloys shiny or dull and often bites a sample to establish its lead or copper content. In houses, the smells of tobacco and open fires combine with that of the polish used to preserve furniture and floors. This polish introduces its attributes [269]: «…this sweetness of honey…this pleasant scent of flowers…» The artisan glassmaker, blowing female bulbs, handles changing plastic materials. In a thousand bursts of emotion which hid a personal danger, Baudelaire, meditating on a time after his own death, sees himself in a phial containing the poison of his mistress, described by a word which we would rather expect to hear used for a town [[1041]] in Index II (Poems)">[[1041]]: «I shall be your coffin, beloved pestilence!
Witness of your force and of your virulence…» Cervantes could have supplied the model, with the character of the scholar deluded into seeing himself as a glass bottle [184]: «The poor thing imagined he was made of glass and when someone approached him, this made him cry out in his anguish and caused him to beg them not to come near for fear they would break him; for, in truth, he was not like other people: from head to foot he was made of glass.»

§480
· Calculation XXXVI with (F-encens…sens-¦¦¦¦-S-discrepancy)
Theory

The end of the sonnet resembles “…qui chantent l'étrange sort de l'esprit et des sens.” (…which sings of the strange fate of the spirit and the senses.) However, certain modifications of the text analysed previously, give manses close to what we could expect to get here. Similarly we have made many calculations resembling the one we could use for “…les transes, ports de laits pris et des sangs.” (…trances, ports of milk taken and of bloods.) New ideas are now rare concerning “…comme l'ambre, le musc, le benjoin, -et l'encens qui chante les transports de l'esprit et descend.” (…like amber, musk, benzoin -and incense, which sings of the transports of the mind and descends.) Here the last two words of the sonnet, «des sens» (the senses) become one, pronounced the same: “descend”. More attention will be paid to the impropriety tolerated in the last lines, concerning the words «encens» (incense) and «sens» (senses), because the ending of the former should correctly be pronounced without sounding the “S” while in the latter the final “S” is heard [425]. Corneille supplies a model [213]: «Mais j'ai trop fait d'injure à nos Dieux tout- puissants:
Choisis de leur donner ton sang, ou de l'encens.» (But I have insulted our all-powerful Gods too much:/Choose to give them your blood or incense.) Baudelaire may have wanted to suggest that analogies are never correctly seen by human beings, symbolizing this approximation through an imperfect vocal correspondence. The description (F-encens…sens-¦¦¦¦-S-discrepancy) (F-incense…senses-/-S-discrepancy) allows a minimum commentary on the rep in question. On top of the poetic license there is the common pronunciation, however incorrect, in which the final “S” of «encens» (incense) is sounded, giving a turn of phrase which does not shock, which deserves a conservatory õ=2. The rhyme provides a hardener as the public goes from one word to the other by this means, as if there existed a continuity uniting the two, and so the chest is ñ=2. The risk of interpreting the glebe badly makes a dresser ã=2 appropriate. There is no clumsiness in the ceiling, meaning a glaze ù=1 is fair. Since the creator seems to have used a special type of versification, the cartage ò=2 is necessary. The essential element in the presence of the “S” is physical so the boss has to be ì=1. As a key is of no use, we have a varnish â=1. As there is no knowledge imparted beyond the poetic, the headroom û=1 suits the case. The custom of men of letters to add a consonant at a decisive point encourages the surround ô=2. No accident has happened so the combe is å=1. The plausibility is calculated as 1/õñãùòìâûôå=1/(2)(2)(2)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(2)(1)=1/(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)=1/32.

Method

Making the story up again in our imagination confronts us with many problems, but we can find in fiction of this kind a better means of feeling the border separating intrusions and aesthetic verbal outlines.

Application to Baudelaire

We will recalculate (F-encens…sens-S-discrepancy) (F-incense…senses-/-S-discrepancy) with the supposition that the final “S” of “encens” was not pronounced at Baudelaire’s time in ordinary speech. Furthermore we will suppose that at the time there was no poetic license regarding «encens» (incense). Our conclusion is that the poet could not have played on this word by making it rhyme acceptably with “sens” and so the complete inappropriateness of the two words is clear since the writer would have introduced a new usage in this way. If the public understood that “encens” and “sens” should be taken as rhyming, õ=1 is justified. The hardener is maintained and thus ñ=1 is proved correct. The trope is better interpreted since scandal is not far away and this gives us ã=1. As no knowledge comes from the glebe, ù=1 must be accepted. As the author has departed from poetic principles, ò=2 is appropriate. The reality of the “S” is dominated by a concrete aspect and so we must opt for ì=1. As no learned or covert interpretations would be of any use, we can write â=1. As knowledge remains practically unaffected, with the exception of the art of versification, û=1 is guaranteed. No customs exert pressure on the artist, giving ô=1 as the best option. Spared any misfortune, the sonnet manages to keep å=1. Reducing the risk would have given the value 1/õñãùòìâûôå=1/(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)=1/1=1 if the usual way of saying «encens» had not included pronouncing the last letter and if there were no poetic license on this point either. Part VII: COHERENCE