The essay — Part II

Generalization in measurements of plausibility for objects other than paradoxes

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Theory — the conceptual exposition Method — remarks on application Baudelaire — application to the sonnet Correspondences
§81
· Trace, pivot
Theory

As many texts contain no paradoxes, our idea is to widen the type of measurement presented hitherto so as to be able to appraise certain interpretations of them numerically. To achieve this nearly all the conceptions previously put forward will have to be generalized and a re-examination carried out of notions initially set aside for fear of the presence of some irrationality. The notion of support was provisionally abandoned because of the risk of attributing to the author a meaning invented by the interpreter but now we may say that a trace constitutes a term, or the meaning of a very special support: if a support suggests it has a definite meaning, a meaning known to exist without its exact nature being clear, it is said to possess a pivot. Terms and pivots together form traces. We will still use the word “term” for any idea that could be part of an arbitration, even though, when used, the idea is part of a link other than an arbitration. When it is understood that in effect a support has a pivot since the creator obviously wanted to indicate a particular meaning, this meaning often still remains to be found. On the other hand if we are not sure whether a support has a meaning, it is not capable of representing a pivot.

Method

The poor quality paper on which a bad poem is printed is unlikely to be a support with a pivot since the author did not necessarily choose it himself.

Application to Baudelaire

The N in «Nature» has a pivot but it remains difficult to define since we may hesitate between the views that it denotes the supernatural, or a person, or something else, even though the complementary nature of the ideas may provide a certain way of looking at the absolute which is suitable here. In any case it would be inappropriate to speak of a “significance” with the symbol N and with the content “the absolute”, so this should be called an “evocation” or, in a more elementary way, a “meaning”, in the way we say that a picture has a meaning. This in no way prevents the expression “the pivot of "N"” from having a significance itself as in that case it would clearly designate an object of thought by means of a standard mark.

§82
· Gloss, gradient
Theory

We will extend the use of roman capitals to symbolize any element or elements taken from the text. A gloss links a brief commentary and a trace or consists of a connection, without repetition, between traces that the critics cannot reject absolutely since it never comes into conflict with any buffer. Often, a gloss can be represented as b(A~E) or d(A~E) where A and E are traces, (b) marks affirmation while (d) is the symbol of negation. For b(A~E) the significance of the gloss is “to understand the text as intended by its creator at the origin A and E should be united rather than opposed”. With d(A~E) the meaning becomes “to understand the text as originally intended by its creator A and E should be opposed rather than united”. There are three types of gloss: the problem gloss, the attenuation gloss and the neutral gloss. The gradient is the numerically situated plausibility of a neutral or problem gloss, as well as that of a pair of attenuation glosses which may be composed of the same one twice.

Method

Collisions constitute particular glosses whose channels form the gradients and the traces of which are terms and have a broad tension connection which is easily identifiable.

Application to Baudelaire

While b(Nature~temple) or b(corrompus~encens) (corrupt-incense) are attributed a measurement appropriate to their shocking appearance, other glosses such as b(longs~échos) (long-echoes) or b(Correspondances~répondent) (Correspondences-answer) do not appear comparable since one seems to describe something easily imaginable in the real context of mountains or deep valleys, and the other to use a common root to unite the ideas contained in two words. It seems so likely that these meanings were deliberately brought together by the author that it would be surprising if the plausibility was far from 1. It should also be recognized for b(Correspondances~répondent) (Correspondences-answer) that the finer points of etymology have in no way been re-worked in the present study, their classical use remaining simply possible as such. For an illustration of the title of the collection "the Flowers of Evil", the resources of etymology seem particularly valuable since the choice of texts in a certain field is called an «"antho"logy» because it should reveal their very "flower" [831].

§83
· Problem gloss
Theory

A problem gloss has to provide the description of an obstacle which hinders the comprehension of a text, in a serious way in the case of a collision, but also in a benign way in other cases; however indistinctness taken to extremes is never in itself acceptable, so that b(vast~unity) cannot be admitted. On the other hand the expression «…the day of swift feet…» used by Pindar to speak ambiguously of the day of the race when the runners match their strengths in Olympia can be described by b(day~feet) as a difficulty but not a serious one because it is obvious from the context that praise of an athlete is the purpose of the poem [720]. In the same way glosses have the advantage over collisions of applying both to the slightest difficulties and to the most serious. The idea that a “god-day” is advancing with a long stride, using a body larger than man’s, remains unobtrusive so that the stylistic effect is given as such and can be represented by a gloss which is not a collision.

Method

The same idea can be applied to an attenuation gloss, or to a neutral one, but the largest gradient must be that of the most likely of the three, intuitively speaking.

Application to Baudelaire

With this device when the artist has recourse to a combination of words such as «dark light» the description of it becomes easy [212]-[432]. Baudelaire’s sonnet allows b(night~light) which owes its sense of collision to the same kind of contrast. A more minor problem occurs with b(man~temple); this is not a collision since the rapprochement of ideas presents no difficulties; however things become more complicated when we consider b(Nature~temple) which calls on us to understand something new: that the relationship between men and a temple is no longer ordinary in the case of an edifice which they themselves have not built. Saint Augustin tells of hermetic works which employ a related image [51]: «…our earth is the temple of the universe!» Cicero refers to an idea reported just as carefully [200]: «I am of the opinion that there should be shrines in cities, and do not agree with the sentiments of the Persian Magi, in accordance with whose advice Xerxes is said to have burned the temples of Greece on the grounds that their walls imprisoned the gods, whereas all places ought to be open and free, seeing that this whole universe is their temple and home.»

§84
· Attenuation gloss
Theory

An attenuation gloss must comment on a problem gloss, even if it sometimes unfortunately verges on the irrational in so doing; it cannot therefore oppose the text nor become so vague as to cast no further light on the text. If two attenuating glosses are found in the same interpretation of the work being commented on, they cannot be contradictory in the long run; however it is possible for one to prevent the other from being unclear as it might have been on its own. Besides this it can be seen that there is a certain rivalry in content between an attenuation and the problem it deals with. Yet the attenuating gloss never resolves anything definitively, being limited to explaining one aspect of the difficulty faced in the case of problems which are not collisions, and to avoiding the impression of complete absurdity for these. The barrier is the model for attenuation but an attenuation gloss does not necessarily form one. Nevertheless, as the join is the type for the clarification of problems in the case of texts where imagination dominates, the plausibilities of the barriers are added together to find the gradient, or the plausibility of an isolated attenuation is doubled to find its gradient. The measurement of the plausibility of the whole meaning clarification operation is shown in the product of numerical values: by multiplying the problem gradient by the attenuation gradient. Indeed a good idea plus its application to a barely perceptible difficulty together are of doubtful interest.

Method

Multiplication of the higher number by the lower will bring down the whole, thus giving an admissible perspective as regards the overall device.

Application to Baudelaire

To attenuate the impression of arbitrariness arousing from b(corrupt~incense), the barrier b(incense~senses) is sufficient since the other part of the pincer b(corrupt~senses) is easily inferred. The measurement of plausibility obtained from b(incense~senses) will therefore be doubled to find its gradient and there will be no need to deal with b(corrupt~senses). On the contrary, with b(answer~Perfumes) the shelter b(Perfumes~sweet) b(colours~sweet) gives such a laborious rapprochement that the two barriers are necessary to clarify the collision in question. So instead of having one value for b(Perfumes~sweet) and another for b(colours~sweet), a single gradient for the whole join will be obtained from the sum of the plausibilities of these barriers.

§85
· Neutral gloss
Theory

A neutral gloss obtains a good gradient when the ideas in it do not enable a problem or attenuation gloss to be formed easily. In this way b(long~echoes) or b(flesh~children) constitute sound neutral glosses, approaching what are commonly called statements.

Method

As imaginative texts do not often comprise lists or establish proofs, a considerable proportion of their content comes from peaks and pivots, not from buffers, and can be interpreted in numerous ways in spite of all efforts of critics to define their meaning. This makes it very difficult to state their significance since a certain point in a work may be interpreted by a novice as a description but will quickly appear as a problem or clarification to a more seasoned commentator.

Application to Baudelaire

Even b(cool~Perfumes) which seems to describe the ninth line can be used in the attenuation of b(answer~Perfumes) within the shelter b(cool~colours) b(cool~Perfumes). To guard against overestimating the role of statements in the analysis of works, it is therefore useful to set problem, attenuation and neutral glosses against each other even if this seems strange at first sight since in demonstrative texts statements are commonly used to describe or explain a problem.

§86
· Levelling and riveting
Theory

In order to facilitate the identification of gloss formulae we can place an (r) in front of problem ones, a (v) in front of attenuation ones and an (o) in front of neutral ones. Glosses can only be considered to reinforce each other if they belong to the same type, the (r) type, the (v) type or the (o) type. By means of a device, the rivet, no gradient will be counted if, without being subsequently multiplied by any other number, it has a value of less than 0.062 or 1/(2)(2)(2)(2). In spite of this precaution, the present analysis can in no way be considered as a calculation of probabilities since the measurements may exceed 1. For this reason this value of 1 must be restored in practice by what we will call the leveller in the case of any result exceeding that number. The calculation of probabilities will nevertheless remain in theory considerably greater than all the present calculation of plausibility, even using such expedients.

Application to Baudelaire

Once a collision such as rb(corrupt~ incense) with a channel of 1 has been reinforced by rb(corrupt~temple) because of the tandem constituted with it, its network should be greater than 1 even if it receives no further assistance. Since this is unacceptable, we can speak of the channel on the one hand and of the shouldering received from elsewhere independently without an addition which would produce a result exceeding 1.

Method

Such a calculation was made in 53B, with the definition of a shouldering of 0.008. Mathematicians have abandoned many restrictions hampering the advancement of their science but they must also be vigilant in its defence. Having been seen in retrospect to have accompanied the measurement or indexation of objects by the mind, through the manipulation of pebbles, their rigorous inventiveness has led to the calculation, demonstration and even much later a certain mastery of games of chance, so that to expect numbers to perform other services which at first sight seem more worrying, for text commentary this time, car be considered basically reasonable as long as the confusion of ideas does not jeopardize the other functions of these numbers [248]-[250]-[568]-[832]-[842].

§87
· Components
Theory

If a gloss proves to be a broad tension, its gradient is not exactly its channel, except in the case that this gloss is a collision. The gradient for a non-collision gloss enables any weaknesses in plausibility to be felt more strongly than the channel can do with collisions whose clarity provides greater guarantees of the existence of a relationship in the mind of the author. All gradients contain seven quantities q, e, p, f, z, g, j, the components; the last four serve to generalize the ideas used for factors t, s, m, w of the vacillation; the first two (q), (e), enable confidence in any possible pivots to be measured; and the third is responsible for replacing the selection effected from among the tensions by the strict definition of the collisions.

Method

Those of the broad tensions which cannot be collisions because of the vagueness surrounding them, are filtered by the component (p), but as their traces have the status of terms q=e=1 in all cases concerning them. On the contrary for non-arbitration glosses with one or sometimes two pivots, (p) can equal 2 because they are not collisions, but also q=2 or e=2.

Application to Baudelaire

Thus rb(vivants~piliers) (living-pillars) will have a gradient (1/qepfzgj)=(1/fzgj)=(1/tsmw) since it is a collision. On the other hand b(homme~parfums¹) (man- Perfumes) will have components q=e=1 but must undergo a strict examination of the components p, f, z, g, j of its gradient. Finally b(n~parfums²) (n-perfumes²) which deals with the marked nasalization which is held to characterize the last lines can obtain no more than a measurement by 1/qepfzgj in which only the value e=1 will be acquired straight away due to the fact that «parfums» is a term. These principles are not affected by the importance of the sense of smell in the author’s poetry since the ambiguity of almost everything with respect to the pivots, and the relations they belong to, prevents b(n~parfums²) (n- perfumes²) from being straightforward, although it can still be considered as very interesting [669]. Concerning the impact left by a work in the passage of time, Baudelaire may have been inspired by Phædrus when he wrote these verses [573]-[[1039]] in Index II (Poems)">[[1039]]: «Sometimes on opening an Oriental chest
Whose stubborn lock grates and squeaks,

Or in an empty house a wardrobe,
Full of the smells of a century’s age, of gossamer and dark,
One finds an old yellowed flask of memories full
From which a returning soul alive spurts forth.»

§88
· Circuit and carousel
Theory

The circuit of a gloss consists of its gradient plus all the values resulting from its reinforcement. The carousel can be defined as any part of the circuit due to a gradient and a single reinforcement value. However in both cases the calculation cannot be taken to its natural conclusion if it is likely to give a result greater than 1 because of the necessary levelling. The carousel for gradients (h) and (h’), for two glosses, one reinforced and the other reinforcing, amounts to h+(h’/k) with the quantity (k), the exterior spacing, being the means of evaluating the level of separation between the traces. For those attenuation glosses that are taken in pairs, circuits and carousels follow what happens to the gradients and so pairs of sums must be considered. Instead of h+(h’/k) we must count h+((i/k)+(i’/k’)).

Method

The magnitude (k) almost plays the part of (c), the quantity applying to the shouldering of the collisions.The idea remains the same: that the distance of terms or traces has a decisive influence on works with no demonstrative force.

Application to Baudelaire

The qualities of imaginative texts such as „Correspondences“ depend on whether their creator is particularly disposed to envisage a judgement even when there is no guarantor for it amongst the appearances of reality, and frequently such a judgement is not explicitly expressed. In his sonnet, Baudelaire diffusely shows his intuition of complementary qualities to the point at which one demonstrates the other, the notion of corruption assisting in the comprehension of that of freshness. Sometimes the poet chooses to suggest this more clearly [[1078]] in Index II (Poems)">[[1078]]: «Tell me, Agatha, can your heart at times take flight,
Far from the black ocean of the squalid city,
Towards another ocean of splendour shining bright,
Blue, clear and deep, a new virginity…

But the green paradise of childhood loves,
The races, songs, kisses, the bouquets,
The strains of violins dying behind the hills,
With pitchers of wine at evening, in the groves…

Is the innocent paradise, of furtive pleasures full,
Already more removed than India or China? far off oriental lands
-Can it be recalled with plaintive cries
And with silvery voice be brought to life again…»

§89
· Spit
Theory

When a gloss is deprived of affirmation or negation, the result is a spit, which is reduced to a framework if the gloss consists of an arbitration. The collisions form glosses but in order to insist on the fact that the calculations to be carried out concerning their plausibility are not the same as those for glosses, the sign (–) can still be used for these shocks of meaning while calling them glosses for convenience.

Method

The use of the same word for things that are different in reality on a certain level only sometimes hampers expression and it proves useful therefore to be able to manage with or without it. When the differences need to be pointed out exactly, a name in common soon becomes a handicap, so that for example we will avoid calling a spit a framework, or every gloss a collision.

Application to Baudelaire

In the same way that the pointers regarding «oboes» and «perfumes» b(oboes–perfumes), d(oboes–perfumes) use the framework (oboes– perfumes), the glosses b(oboes~perfumes), d(oboes~perfumes) have in common the spit (oboes~ perfumes); however the resemblance goes no further due to the fact that for example rb(N~Nature), rd(N~Nature) can easily share the spit (N~Nature) but since N is used in both of them, they have no equivalent among arbitrations of any type. The following passage from Balzac has often been used to comment on the evocation of the oboes in the tenth line [12]-[84]: «Has not the oboe the power to evoke rural images in all minds…» However the novelist precedes this declaration with a very different one pronounced by a character with an opposite point of view: «…you have often spoken to me of the colour of music, and of what it paints; but as an analyst and materialist, I can admit that I am always revolted by the pretensions of certain enthusiasts to have us believe that music paints with sounds. Is it not as if the admirers of Raphael claimed that he sings with colours?» This remark attracts the following reply: «You are just arguing over words, that’s all.» Baudelaire himself did not fail to confuse his own viewpoint since he refers in this way to the conceptions nurtured by one of his characters [659]: «…this absolute materialism was not far from the purest idealism.»

§90
· Shelving
Theory

For a spit (A~E) the shelving consists of the six glosses that can be formed on it or the ((2)(3)) elements obtained with the combination of the two options, (b) and (d), and three types of gloss (r), (v) and (o): rb(A~E), rd(A~E), vb(A~E), vd(A~E), ob(A~E), and od(A~E) have to be counted. The sum of the gradients for a shelving should be 1, but the imperfections of the calculation often result in a lower or higher figure. The leveller rectifies this in the latter case, but the former situation remains without reparation.

Method

Such deficiencies should not be considered surprising since texts in which images play a more important part than proofs do not have the perfect simplicity of the square or the circle which can be studied mathematically in a generally satisfactory manner. The conclusion should not therefore be drawn that the calculation of plausibility of interpretation is futile because of such failures. Often doctrines which are bases used to forecast facts do not give us the friendly reflection of an object accessible to all, but the least unattractive reconstitution of a set of appearances for one historical period forming an intelligible unit with the others.

Application to Baudelaire

The shelving for (Nature~temple) totalizes a sum of gradients which, without levelling would exceed 1 since already that of rb(Nature~temple) constituting a channel amounts to 1.

§91
· Plateau and ell
Theory

A plateau is an interpretation formed solely of glosses, and the ell is the value of its plausibility, calculated using the gradients relative to its constituent elements. If any of its glosses are attenuation ones, it must be accompanied by the gloss of the problem thus being dealt with to reach a more comprehensive perspective than that of the gradient. Sometimes it is appropriate to add certain values, as with h+(h’/k): a carousel such as this can measure a plateau on its own if the glosses remain problem or neutral ones. Nevertheless apart from a situation of reinforcement, the values will be multiplied rather, for instance when there are two glosses, a problem one and an attenuation one, or two glosses without any special relationship. Applying the levelling principle, the ell will be limited to 1 as regards the appreciation of its greatest strength, but the rivet does not apply to it as it concerns only gradients.

Method

We must therefore try to define the point below which no measurement of plausibility should be taken seriously but we have not yet obtained varied enough insights to establish with any certitude where such a threshold occurs. The use of three decimal places at least expresses that below 0.001 the amounts cannot be considered reliable.

Application to Baudelaire

When it will have been seen in numerous cases that one interpretation that is better than another intuitively, being closer to Baudelairian ideas, accompanies a lower ell, the conclusion will be more firmly drawn that the values in question no longer have the type of meaning we look for in them. Unfortunately for the moment we do not know of any such clear-cut cases.

§92
· Exterior spacing
Theory

When we have a problem gloss with the gradient 1/qepfzgj and a attenuation gloss tested out on it, with a gradient 2(1/q’e’p’f’z’g’j’), the exterior spacing (k) measures the distance from one to the other in 2(1/q’e’p’f’z’kg’j’). For the plateau comprising just the two glosses concerned, the ell is (1/qepfzgj) (2(1/q’e’p’f’z’kg’j’)) and with two attenuation glosses having a sum gradient, the latter amounts to (1/q’e’p’f’z’kg’j’)+(1/q’’e’’p’’f’’z’’k’g’’j’’) and the ell is (1/qepfzgj)((1/q’e’p’f’z’kg’j’)+(1/q’’e’’p’’f’’z’’k’g’’j’’)).

Method

It is not surprising that attenuation and distance should need to be linked as, if a problem has almost been forgotten when the terms that can elucidate it appear, the clarification is much weakened. The same loss of force occurs when the difficulty follows a long time after its attenuation in the text, since it is not easy to connect one point with the other.

Application to Baudelaire

If we want to comment on rb(corrupt~incense) using vb(Nature~ temple) by arguing that the incense is like a worshipper in the temple of nature who, though behaving badly, is still a member of the congregation, it has to be conceded that the separation of the terms «Nature», «temple» on the one hand and «corrupt» and «incense» on the other makes this device less effective. In parallel with these ideas Baudelaire could envisage poetry as playing the role of perfume in the universe of reflective thought, and equally, through his own possibly Venus-caused pain, think of the ideas inspired by suffering as corrupt perfumes, but he did not confine himself to the realms of sadness since he imagined for himself the following epitaph in the style of the most mischievous students [610]-[[1022]] in Index II (Poems)">[[1022]]: «Here lies one who from excessive love of bawds
Descended when still young to the realms of the mole.»

§93
· Problem used for clarification
Theory

The fact that one collision may be capable of reinforcing the effect of another, does not in any way prevent the ideas contained in it from attenuating this same neighbouring collision. Notches for example serve to clarify certain clashes in meaning, but such power does not stop them from drawing to these shocks enough attention to strengthen them. To understand this, it is essential to avoid confusing ideas concerning superficial influences with the realms of implication and insinuation. One relationship may only occupy the mind in a secondary way while another, contrasting slightly with it, is immediately clear. An unexpected path may thus be taken at times resulting from the complicated arrangement of meaning: first only the shocking aspects of the collisions are thought of and then the possibility of one clarifying the other is envisaged.

Method

Even if this is not constant, it should be noted since it could falsely suggest that the paradoxes and their explanations are so confusing in themselves that nothing concerning them is comprehensible.

Application to Baudelaire

To attenuate the shock rb(corrupt~temple) we could have recourse to vb(incense~ temple) rvb(corrupt~incense) vb(senses~incense) vb(corrupt~senses), when in fact two are sufficient to provide the basic clarification: vb(temple~incense) vb(senses~incense) and in this case, as well as the difficulties of the procedure, the very slight handicap of having one paradox providing attenuating notions for another is avoided. However, to clarify the clash rb(corrupt~incense) it is also possible to call on vb(answer~Perfumes) which uses the terms of rb(answer~Perfumes) with the idea that all the faithful, even those furthest removed from its true freshness, are the congregation attending the world’s service. They respond in this way to the elements different from themselves to worship a god, unity, or the whole in its greatness. Another illustration of the text is equally legitimate: the temple is that of memory, mother of the muses, being supported by the energetic creative efforts of artists, where evil and good respond to each other within beauty. Finally let us think of the world as an immense haven where beacons guide new artists [103]-[490]-[608]-[[1096]] in Index II (Poems)">[[1096]]: «…Delacroix, -lake of blood, evil angel’s haunt,
Shaded in a wood of firs for ever green,
Where, under a sky of woe, strange fanfares pass
Like Weber giving out a stifled sigh;

These curses, these blasphemies, these groans,
This ecstasies, these cries, these tears, these "Te Deum",
An echo repeated by a thousand labyrinths,
Bring heavenly opium for mortal hearts.

…It is a lighted beacon on a thousand citadels…

For truly, Lord, the most perfect witness
That we can bear of our dignity
Is this long roar which rolls from age to age
And comes to die on the edge of your eternity!» In view of this the content of the two poems „the Beacons“ and „Correspondences“ would be parallel, and so to imagine that painters and musicians respond to each other is not entirely unwarranted. Poets, elegant ladies, dandies, could all be represented by perfumes using this very uncertain key. The significance “praise” which is conceivable for «incense» in a background inaccessible in the clearest sense, as seen in 53B, would be relevant in this illustration, with Baudelaire trying to suggest that however desirable praise may be, it is in some way detrimental to effort.

§94
· Cut
Theory

Using a device that we will call a cut, instead of counting the same gradient twice in a plateau, because of the double use of an attenuation, for example once with one problem and then with another, it will be counted only once when calculating an ell, if the reasons for fixing the constituents remain the same.

Method

Frequently the exterior spacing varies without any change in the gradient because, as the gloss stays the same, its use for various reinforcements or different attenuations causes variations in the distance between the gloss terms and others. Moreover, both exterior spacings may change at the same time: the one for the attenuation, calculated from the distance to the terms of the attenuated gloss and the reinforcement one worked out from a new attenuating gloss that reinforces another attenuating gloss.

Application to Baudelaire

Thus vb(answer~Perfumes) can attenuate rb(Nature~temple) and rb(corrupt~incense) since it gives the idea of members of the congregation responding to appeals through the liturgy, in both cases, and as the distances from «Nature» to «answer» and to «incense» are different, the spacing cannot remain the same. Now let us imagine the gloss vb(sing~Perfumes) as a new clarification of rb(corrupt~incense): this gloss in v will also reinforce vb(answer~Perfumes), and a distinction will have to be made between k and k’, one for the attenuation of rb(corrupt~incense) and the other for the reinforcement of vb(answer~ Perfumes). The notion of this world animated on all sides is surprising; Balzac, who is often extremely ambiguous, at times approached this kind of idea [93]: «But then the World is eternal, but then the World is God!» For those who do not admit that the usual meaning of words can be changed, there is a less difficult route to follow consisting of seeing Nature in its entirety as the work of a divine hand, and one of Cicero’s orators takes this point of view [198]: «…if you see a spacious and beautiful house, you could not be induced to believe, even though you could not see its master, that it was built by mice and weasels…»

§95
· Exterior spacing for a reinforcement or an attenuation
Theory

The exterior spacing (k) is used with the components, in particular to measure either a reinforcement (1/qepfzgj)+(1/q’e’p’f’z’kg’j’), abbreviated to h+(h’/k),or a plateau containing just a problem gloss and an attenuating one (1/qepfzgj)(2(1/q’e’p’f’z’kg’j’)) giving h(2(i/k)). Finally for these two usages together we have h((2i/k)+2(i’/k’k’’)), or (1/qepfzgj)((2(1/q’e’p’f’z’kg’j’)+2(1/q’’e’’p’’f’’z’’k’k’’g’’j’’))). In the latter situation (k) is the exterior spacing between an attenuating and a problem gloss, while k’ plays a similar role but for the second attenuating gloss, and finally k’’ gives the distance this time between the two attenuating glosses, the one reinforcing the other.

Method

The quantity of plausibility 2(i/k) or 2(1/q’e’p’f’z’kg’j’) is no longer a gradient because of (k), but also cannot have the status of an ell which would need at least h(2(i/k)), or 1/qepfzgj(2(1/q’e’p’f’z’kg’j’)), so that 2(i/k) is just an intermediate measurement used in the calculation of plausibility for a plateau.

Application to Baudelaire

If rb(Nature~man) is clarified by vb(man~passes) its effectiveness owes much to the short distances between the terms concerned. This way man has of passing through reality brings to mind the journey every man undertakes without understanding its import, but Claude Pichois suggests we should not exclude the possibility of another, less clear meaning: man is first of all the poet here [667].

§96
· Limitation
Theory

As a contradiction within a plateau is unacceptable, this leads us to rule out of the study any texts with a blatant inconsistency, which in any case seem very rare whenever imagination predominates since the relationships between significances are too ambiguous for mistakes in logic to be apparent. What is more, all opposition to the text, such as in b(cool~others), will be avoided. Equally we will reject the near circle that could occur for example if, in order to compensate for any feeling of absurdity arising from rb(living– pillars) we were to have recourse to vb(forests–pillars) vb(living–forests) to then try to obtain an attenuation of rb(forests–pillars) using vb(living–pillars) vb(forests–living). Once (~) has been adopted in the various formulae which can be employed here, the series becomes rb(living~pillars) vb(forests~pillars) vb(living~ forests), then rb(forests~pillars) vb(living~pillars) vb(forests~living), whereas it is very awkward that the problem of living pillars should be explained by the notion of "forest-pillars" which is itself clarified by the idea of living pillars. However it is only within a same plateau that such a device, which can be summed up as rb(A~E) vb(F~E) rb(F~E) vb(A~E) or more generally as rb(A~E) vb(F~H) rb(F~H) vb(A~E), is excluded.

Method

Finally, by taking such precautions we are able to describe better how the meaning develops, but it can also be seen that the meaning could easily be missed altogether since any analysis of the intelligence processes runs the risk of being refuted by readers if they try to do something which seemed initially excluded from their schemes [524]. On the contrary the rocks or the clouds cannot read what is written about them to try to achieve the opposite. Therefore it should not be considered surprising that excellent minds should have invented thousands of arguments to show that the carefully thought out approach to human activities has little in common with the understanding of a phenomenon [281]- [282].

Application to Baudelaire

Supposing again we want to limit the strange impression of rb(forests~pillars) we must also beware of vb(forests~symbols) as then rb(forests~symbols) runs the risk of being attenuated by vb(pillars~ symbols) vb(forests~pillars). Nevertheless the role of the term «forests» cannot be openly denied and it could even provide an important illustration of the poem. In 1853 an oak tree was dedicated to Baudelaire by Denecourt, a lover of Fontainebleau. According to Raymond Poggenburg [798]: «The announcement appears at that date in the "Guide de la forêt", in its eighth edition.» The wood in which symbolic representations live could perhaps be that of the memory of great men. These personalities would bring to life thoughts of the future and protect time past from being forgotten like the columns of a building. As they support lasting edifices they would be much respected in return, like the two characters who greeted the gods according to Ovid [562]: «…they were entrusted with the job of looking after the temple as long as life was granted to them. One day, when, crushed by the weight of their years and standing before the sacred steps, they were recounting the history of that place, Baucis saw Philemon being covered with leaves, the old man Philemon saw leaves covering Baucis. Already a treetop was rising above their heads…This is what I was told by some trustworthy old men who had no reason to deceive me. For my part, I saw garlands hanging from the branches and I offered fresh ones, saying: "Let mortals loved by the gods be gods themselves; those who were pious are worthy of our respectful homage."» In another respect, Baudelaire as a reader of American literature, is perhaps evoking the totem poles used by the American Indians to express their feelings of adoration or respect towards that which lies beyond outward appearances.

§97
· Another limitation
Theory

Not only can we reject the idea that a plateau can contain at the same time rb(A~E) and rd(A~E), or vb(A~E) and vd(A~E), or ob(A~E) and od(A~E), but it must not include rb(A~E) and vd(A~E) for example, nor generally b(A~E) with d(A~E) whatever the type of gloss concerned, in r, v, or o. Furthermore, if ob(A~E) belongs to a plateau, the two glosses rb(A~E) and vb(A~E) are excluded from it. In the same way, if od(A~E) is in the plateau, the glosses rd(A~E) and vd(A~E) remain outside it.

Method

For vb(A~E) and rb(A~E) or vd(A~E) and rd(A~E) they may be admitted together since the notches already have the status of clashes which can be used in the process of clarification.

Application to Baudelaire

In this way b(living–pillars) serves as a go-between when seeking an attenuation of rb(Nature–pillars). As a shock it can be written as rb(living– pillars) or rb(living~pillars), but to describe it as an attenuation it is better to use the formula vb(living~ pillars). The "tree-pillar" which so strongly conjures up images of sexuality has also the role of supporting a construction, which reflection turns into an idea [135]: «Wisdom hath builded her house, she hath hewn out her seven pillars…»

§98
· Porterage, hoard, dispenser, cover
Theory

The supposition that intuition and calculation of plausibility proceed along the same lines must be extended to the field of glosses in the widest sense, having been applicable only to collisions up to paragraph 80. This leads to the acceptance of the idea that the larger the gradients or ells, the more intuition will favour the gloss or plateau whose measurement of plausibility has thus been made. In order to test the accuracy of such a view without muddling the ideas, the scope of the vocabulary for the next study of networks and collisions will be widened by adding further words. With this in mind, we can say that a modification of the text constitutes a porterage if it is restricted to that which is to be measured. The text created by the author with all its related measurements forms the hoard, while the porterage, in comparison with this, plus the related degrees of plausibility, forms the dispenser. To write formulae equally valid in both cases, square brackets will be used, reverting to normal brackets in the case of either a dispenser or a hoard on their own. Moreover it will be allowable in certain cases to contrast two modified texts, with their calculations, each group being called a cover. The formulae for these will be written in square brackets.

Method

In the same way that the cartographic representation of a country, although very useful, is not simply a reflection of the terrain, the study of glosses must be allowed, by using the ideas, to part company at times with the features to which it applies.

Application to Baudelaire

However the establishment of any paraphrase needs to be backed by historical knowledge which in particular in the case of „Correspondences“, directs our attention to the research in Baudelaire’s time that led to a new insight into colour. If, based on this, one writes that the perfumes opposite the greens seem “red, triumphant and rich”, the idea is not gratuitous as regards the author’s possible conception since he wrote about Catlin’s landscapes and the portraits of two Indians [699]: «As for the colour, there is something mysterious about it that pleases me more than I can say. The red, the colour of blood, the colour of life, was so abundant in that dark museum that it was intoxicating; as for the landscapes, -wooded mountains, immense plains, deserted rivers,- they were monotonously, endlessly green; red, such an obscure, such a thick colour…green, the calm and gay and smiling colour of nature, I can see them again in the faces of the two heroes, singing their melodic antithesis.» More generally he meditated thus [692]: «…green is the very core of nature…What strikes me first of all, is that everywhere, -poppies in the lawns, parrots, etc.,- red sings to the glory of green…» The poet may perhaps have thought of the remarks of the chemist, Chevreul [506]-[507]: «…putting colour onto a canvas is not only colouring with this colour the part of the canvas on which the brush has been applied, but it is also colouring with the complementary colour the space adjacent…The law of colour contrast is…the opposite of the mixing of colours…»

§99
· Carver
Theory

The components (q) and (e), the carvers, (q) for the left-hand side of the gloss and e for the right, are 1 when their reference trace is a term. In a broad tension with two terms and therefore no pivot, q=e=1 in all cases. When a meaning of the text which has never been in a collision, carries out the function of a pivot in accordance with the requirements of the context, the carver dealing with it also has the value 1. This, for example, does not concern b(N~Nature) since «temple» which would be a very proper meaning to explain this sort of absolute evoked by the N, belongs to the collision b(Nature~temple). When a trace is neither a term, nor possesses any equivalent free of any collision within the text itself, the carver attributable to it equals 2.

Method

Pivots often show such ambiguity that the interpreter runs the risk of attributing the wrong function to them and so it is necessary to count any lack of clarity felt in relation to them as a weakness in the level of evidence of the ideas constructed with them.

Application to Baudelaire

The N of «Nature» in a porterage with the beginning “The absolute, Nature, is a whole…” would have in b(whole~N) or b(Nature~N) a carver of e=1 since “absolute” would provide an acceptable pivot idea without participating in a collision.

§100
· Target, sieve
Theory

An attenuation gloss depends to a great extent on the problem gloss whose difficulty it is intended to deal with; for this reason, we see the quantities p, k, g, j related to the same attenuation gloss vary according to the different problems it can tackle. In order to clarify such a situation, the use of an attenuation target, which occurs when only the best effect of the attenuation, or the best effects of it available at any one time, are examined, must be distinguished from the use of the sieve, which depends on a specific problem gloss. Both usages coincide when referring to the best, or one of the best problems dealt with by the attenuation gloss for which the measurement of plausibility is made. The difficulty sometimes encountered is that using a target, one problem gives k=1 but g=2, while another gives the opposite, so that overall the value of the products qepfzkgj is the same but it has not been reached in the same way. It must then be looked into in detail.

Method

It is only relevant therefore to apply a target if the most advantageous clarification is given in one way or with a single problem.

Application to Baudelaire

Thus vb(incense~senses) gives a very rewarding result with rb(corrupt~incense), which shows that for this attenuation a target has been used. The role of incense is traditionally represented in various ways according to the motivation behind the offertory which is sometimes just, sometimes rather questionable. On the one hand Moses received a clear order [112]: «And thou shalt make an altar to burn incense upon…» David uses an image [134]: «Lord, I cry unto thee: make haste unto me; give ear unto my voice, when I cry unto thee. Let my prayer be set forth before thee as incense; and the lifting up of my hands as the evening sacrifice.» When honesty disappears, the rite has no purpose [124]: «Bring no more vain oblations; incense is an abomination unto me…»

§101
· Pole
Theory

The function of the component (p) or pole is to test whether a buffer exists for a non-collision gloss regarding its particular characteristic, that is problem, attenuation or neutral. On the contrary, if a gloss constitutes a collision (p) is equal to 1. As for any attempt to describe a problem which is too slight to have the status of a collision but which a buffer leads us to consider as a difficulty, we also concede that (p) remains equal to 1. The text itself may note an obstacle to thought, in particular by a question, directing in this way the interpreter to p=1 for a problem gloss. Thus “Can various echoes become entirely confused?” allows p=1 with rb(confused~echoes). For an attenuation gloss, 1 is only obtained for (p) if the text clearly specifies that a relationship of attenuation exists between the passages giving it its basic meaning and the problem it deals with. In this way “Can various echoes become entirely confused? From afar yes…” would give p=1 with vb(afar~confused) for the problem rb(confused~echoes). Finally, if the text clearly states that an idea concerns neither a problem nor a clarification, p=1 for the neutral gloss describing this idea. The difficulty in what a text states arises from the irony that at times accompanies the simplest meaning and so, as for problem glosses which are not collisions, a buffer must be present to achieve p=1 for neutral and attenuation glosses.

Method

However to find a buffer for anything other than the rules of significance in a poetic work would seem to be as tricky as defining an illustration of it, the two coming to the same thing when the buffer is the basis for detailed comprehension.

Application to Baudelaire

A reference as common for „Correspondences“ as that to Dodona is simply a matter of interpretation and choice [487]. There is here nothing decisive to be gained by thinking of this description of a painting from antiquity [577]: «The golden dove still on the oak…bands are hanging from the tree, as like the Pythia’s tripod, it pronounces oracles. One comes to question it, another to make a sacrifice. It is surrounded at this moment by a choir of Thebans…On this side, you can recognize the priestesses of Dodona from their severe and venerable look; they seem to breathe the odour of libations and perfumes. Furthermore the painter has shown the smoke of the incense that shrouds that place and even the divine voices which resound there: here is a bronze statue of the nymph, Echo, who, you can see, is putting her hand on her mouth…»

§102
· Peg
Theory

For broad tensions the peg (f) is fixed according to the rank (t): if t=1 then f=1; if t=2 then f=2. As for the various glosses that have no channel, their formulae being b(A~E) or d(A~E), the peg is 1 for (b) if an internal buffer exists in the text which means the same spit with a (d) cannot be written, and for (d) if there is a buffer prohibiting the spit from having a (b) before it. In any other case f=2.

Method

A gloss with a pivot may in certain cases give f=1 due to extreme force in a relationship between meanings.

Application to Baudelaire

Thus for b(N~Nature) (f) will always equal 1 with (r), (v) or (o) since the meaning of the sonnet cannot be faithfully rendered by d(N~Nature). In the same way, if we had “Certainly, Nature is a God” f=1 would have to be accepted for b(N~G); and the same would apply for b(N~T) with “Certainly, Nature is a Temple…” It must be admitted fundamentally that the question of Baudelaire’s pantheism should be raised, but a hasty response to this will be avoided since a god outside the visible beings of the world has sometimes been considered as the architect of his own temple, as Philostratus testifies when he describes how during a march to India, the travellers climbing Mount Nysa [578]«…came upon…the sanctuary of Dionysos, founded by the god himself in his own honour…» The author from antiquity also writes: «…he had surrounded it with a plantation of laurel in a circle, enclosing just sufficient land for a temple of modest dimensions; round the laurels he had planted ivy and vines and, within this enclosure, set up a statue of himself, in the knowledge that in time the trees would grow and form a sort of roof; and this has indeed happened now in such a way that neither wind nor rain penetrates this sanctuary. There were billhooks, baskets for the grape harvest, wine presses…When the god celebrates his bacchanalia and makes Mount Nysa tremble, the towns at the foot of the plain hear him and respond with noisy feasting.»

§103
· Slide
Theory

Slides (g) and (j) are equal for a neutral gloss. They have a value of 1 only when the passage of the text serving as a basis for the gloss does not allow any countable problem or attenuation gradient to be shown. Otherwise g=j=2. For broad tensions (g) and (j) are the same as (m) and (w) in the vacillation: the oscillations. In the case of the other types of gloss describing a problem, let us see what occurs regarding rb(A~E) or rd(A~E): if, in spite of the name of the gloss, the first level of meaning suggests that there is no obstacle to understanding within the contents, this means that no serious problem is raised there and as a result the two slides are equal to 2; in any other situation g=1 and j=2 or g=2 and j=1, but always one of the slides is equal to 2 because it can be seen that no broad tension is formed and this must be described by the calculation.

Method

The vague ideas in many pivots favour g=1 or j=1 since the ambiguity suggests the possibility of the existence of a problem with no clear meaning.

Application to Baudelaire

It can rapidly be seen that rb(N~Nature) is conceivable, though it is also quite sensible to declare that no difficulty exists there, since Baudelaire could have intended to indicate by the N that the whole universe, not just the Earth, is evoked in the first line, and the consequence for the gloss rb(N~Nature) is a slight weakness. Since either g or j must be 2 , it is better to choose 1 for the pivot and keep 2 for the term: g=1, j=2.

§104
· Stratum
Theory

For an attenuation gloss, the slides (g) and (j) are equal, both together being l, or both 2. They are 1 if the attenuation has some aid, however vague, within the text, and this will be called a stratum. This favourable indication may attain the level of a buffer but not in the case of the attenuation of a broad tension where it is not possible for a good stratum to exist since any oddity would then be excluded. The absence of stratum gives g=j=2, which implies a great risk of inventing the hoped-for attenuation when interpreting the problem itself.

Method

As it seems simple to have a stratum nevertheless, texts will show many examples of slides of 1 for attenuations.

Application to Baudelaire

To clarify the problem gloss rb(corrupt~incense) by vb(answer~ Perfumes), the stratum will come from «sing», and for vb(sing~Perfumes) clarifying rb(corrupt~incense) the stratum used to ensure g=j=1 will inversely be «answer». In spite of this coordination the two perspectives are not perfect as clearly «sing» suggests worship but concerns in the first place the corrupt perfumes, while «answer» which applies more obviously to all scents does not evoke celebration to such an extent. The important thing is to remain faithful to the author and he seems to have seen how opposites complement each other. As an avid reader of American literature, he did not scorn the point of view of the austere guardians of virtue but kept on very prudent relations with their thoughts. He must have considered favourably the delightful images that the proponents of the restriction of pomp such as Calvin in Europe looked on ironically [3]-[42]-[170]: «It is a great shame to say so, but it is true that the bawdy people of a brothel are more chastely and modestly attired, than the virgins we see in temple images.» For Baudelaire ambiguous works lead us back to our own complexity [[1060]] in Index II (Poems)">[[1060]]: «Face-to-face sombre and clear
When a heart becomes its own mirror…

An ironic, infernal beacon,
Torch of Satanic graces,
Unique relief and glory,
-Evil aware of itself!»

§105
· Interior spacing of 1
Theory

The interior spacing (z) in the case of broad tensions follows the interior remoteness (s), one of the factors of the vacillation, since tsmw is strictly identical to fzgj applied to these problems. As far as the other glosses are concerned, the situation is somewhat similar, with merely a few counting details to be added to the principles already known. When a buffer implies justification of an interpretation which supposes that a creator has established within his text a clear link between A and E, letting us think b(A~E) or d(A~E), it does not matter which, then z=1 for all the (A~E) spit glosses; otherwise (z) varies by 1.

Method

Often only the choice of an author concerning two ideas is emphasized: did he separate or unite them? However, the difficulty of defining (s) and (z) affects the point of clear relationship between them, for if everything in a text is related to everything else by the will of the creator, certain links remain vague while others have very strong connections, and in particular to declare that A is definitely opposed to E a representation of these two traces must be available simultaneously.

Application to Baudelaire

A sentence in the style of the Age of Enlightenment shows this well: “Indeed, Nature, which is not nature, is a whirlwind, a humming”. Certainly rd(Nature~ nature) seems better than rb(Nature~nature) to describe this, but in any case z=1 with both formulae.

§106
· Fold
Theory

When (z) varies by 1 for a spit with terms, it is 2+(1(n/10)) with (n) being the numbers of fronts in the text from one term to the other. If the traces do not have the form of terms the calculation changes very little even though one or other appears to be a pivot attached to part of a word. Any compartment participating in any way in a support with a pivot is called a fold, which is taken as a front. It is therefore sufficient to count meticulously the remaining (n) fronts between the traces to get 2+(1(n/10)). In the case of “Nature Is a temple. Pillars let forth at times confused words…” and b(I~P) “Is” and “Pillars” must be avoided, which gives 2+(1(1/10)) exactly like 2+(1(1/10)) with b(is~Pillars) for “Nature is a temple. Pillars let forth at times confused words…” As regards the interaction of tones “La Nature tord mes tortures en m'affligeant de maux” (Nature twists my tortures by afflicting me with evils) and the gloss b(ture tord~tortures), (z) will give 2+(1(1/10)) since “Nature”, “tord”, and “tortures” will not be concerned. Counting will be different in the case of a pivot which is separate from a word. Regarding b(colour of paper~verts) (colour of paper-green) the use of green paper for the whole sonnet would give 2+(1(74/10)) since there are 74 fronts in the text. On the other hand, with a green mark only on “verts” (green) and the new gloss b(colour of paper~verts) (colour of paper-green), z, instead of being 2+(1(74/10))=9.4, will be more modestly 2+(1(0/10))=2.

Method

The principle consists of trying to attribute a pivot to a very small number of compartments and then, only if this is not possible, to count a larger unit.

Application to Baudelaire

Sometimes a buffer renders it unnecessary to count the fronts such as with b(respond~répondent) (respond-answer). The pivot of the element taken from «Correspondances» (Correspondences), the title of the sonnet, has such a clear link with the term close to it in the gloss that z=1. Baudelaire could not have missed this; he had the requisite cultural background and he is said also to have had the advantage of considering the notion from every angle, even going so far as to make a game of it. Raymond Poggenburg points out that experts often attribute to him a caricature of Courtois, who was well-known at that time for his newspaper articles on painting, leaning towards a picture with an ear trumpet held out in the direction of the canvas [797].

§107
· Exterior spacing of 1
Theory

The exterior spacing (k) is used to calculate the attenuation and reinforcement plausibilities. For broad tensions, (k) is reduced to (c), and for the other glosses a similar procedure is used: firstly, with two glosses of any kind k=1 when an interior spacing (z) of 1 exists for each, and when, from among their traces, some being possibly the same ones, A, E, F , H forming b(A~E) with b(F~H) or d(A~E) with d(F~H), there is a continuity of intention guaranteed by a buffer. In this way rb(N~Nature) has a relationship with vb(temple~man) which allows k=1. The basis for this in the poem may be understood afterwards in the following way: man, as a poet, or in general, would honour the supreme temple.

Method

The interpreter of an author from the past often finds it difficult really to envisage that his hero may have thought very differently from himself, to his own detriment and to that of the memory of the creator he so admires. Even though it is well-known, the temptation is so powerful that we often look in imagined illustrations for what the interpreter thinks.

Application to Baudelaire

To avoid this hazard, an irreligious meaning for the sonnet, tenable perhaps but not strictly necessary, should not be taught as certain. Possibly following Philo and the many adaptors of his methods used in the traditions of exegesis, Lamartine writes [489]-[575]: «It is God, it is this great whole, who adores Himself!» Elsewhere he describes a character with his words [493]-[575]: «Oh Father, he said, of every creature,
Whose temple is wherever nature extends…» Doubt only assails this meditative mind temporarily [492]-[574]: «…God is only a word dreamed up to explain the world…» He thus combines some of these ideas [11]-[488]-[575]: «Hidden God, you said, nature is your temple!» 39

§108
· Exterior spacing other than 1 with terms
Theory

When the exterior spacing varies by 1 and the traces are terms, it is equal to 2+(1(n/10)) with (n) being the number of fronts between the terms furthest from each other in the glosses in question. For reinforcements as well as anything concerned with attenuations, the counting procedure therefore proves to be very similar to that used for (c) the exterior remoteness.

Method

Any changes are due to the former limitations of the measurement since from now on there is no need to have only broad tensions to consider, these latter appearing just as special glosses among many others available.

Application to Baudelaire

The exterior spacing (k) between vb(corrompus~encens) and rb(corrompus~temple) (corrupt-incense, corrupt-temple) is 8.4 since the two furthest traces «encens» and «temple» have 64 fronts separating them.

§109
· Exterior spacing other than 1 with pivot
Theory

An exterior spacing differing by 1, if there are one, two, three or four pivots in the glosses examined, is sometimes found when the calculation is limited by two folds or by one fold accompanied by another front. The device used with (z) is reused for the distance between the traces concerning (A~E) and (F~H), that is for A and F, or A and H, or E and F, or E and H.

Method

When comparing with what happens when all the traces have the role of terms, no significant change occurs, except if the pivots are not parts of actual words. Thus for “TheTheThe ship caught fire. It is fine. He is fine” vb(ship~fine²) and rb(TheTheThe~ship) give an exterior spacing of 2.8 since “ship”, “caught”, “fire”, “It”, “is¹”, “fine¹”, “He”, “is²” must be counted as fronts, making eight altogether which gives the result 2+(1(8/10)). Since the combination of interruptions and word play makes it impossible to conclude that there is any continuity of meaning between “TheTheThe ship caught fire” and “He is fine”, k=1 can be excluded. If there were any indications that led us to believe that “He” represents “TheTheThe ship” then indeed k=1 would be valid.

Application to Baudelaire

Lovers of a work are frequently afraid of missing some treasure in its interpretation and tend therefore to overestimate its continuities of meaning. Unlike them we must believe that as regards the intellectual as well as the physical the examination cannot be more than an outline [[1133]] in Index II (Poems)">[[1133]]: «And the harmony is too exquisite
That governs all her beautiful body,
For powerless analysis
To note its numerous accords.» Enthusiasm does not follow the same route as study, resembling more closely inspiration. Baudelaire, with Plato’s image of the string of little iron rings hanging from a magnetic stone, in mind, relies in part on its effects to pass on the beauty emanating from himself, the legacy perhaps of ideas older than antiquity [736]-[737]-[738]-[739]-[[1067]] in Index II (Poems)">[[1067]]: «I give you these verses so that if my name
Should happily reach the shores of future times…

Your memory, like uncertain fables,
Will tire the reader like a dulcimer,
And by a mystic, fraternal chain
Will remain suspended on my haughty rhymes…»

§110
· Plateau and attenuation
Theory

If a notch is used in an attenuation with another gloss, this gloss could sometimes also attenuate the notch and so run the risk of causing a mistake to be made in the various exterior spacings. Therefore concerning the clarification of rb(corrupt~temple), the relation vb(corrupt~incense) which was previously called rvb(corrupt–incense) as a notch, is used. In the device rb(corrupt~temple) vb(incense~temple) rvb(corrupt~incense) vb(senses~incense) vb(corrupt~senses), it is best to keep rb(corrupt~temple) vb(corrupt~incense) vb(incense~senses) to measure an attenuation plateau which is certainly less perfect than the collision with the canvas and the pincer of the notch, but gives the substance of it with two sum gradient attenuations and no attenuation reinforcement at all. The possibility of confusing the problem gloss with the attenuation one would mean that if the calculations were made too hastily the spacing relative to vb(corrupt~incense) vb(incense~senses) might be taken for the spacing of rb(corrupt~temple) vb(incense~ senses). It should be noted that the two exterior spacings in rb(corrupt~temple) vb(corrupt~incense) vb(incense~senses) proceed from the attenuations towards the single problem without taking into account the relationship between the attenuations.

Method

The change in notation accompanying the use of glosses is only partial and the previous usage may be reverted to at times, though glosses with pivots, which do not have the character of arbitrations, are excluded from being marked with the sign (–).

Application to Baudelaire

The terms «corrupt» and «temple» which balance each other should not lead us to believe that Baudelaire thought he could distinguish a decisive struggle between good and evil under the external appearances of the world. The sequence often seems more difficult to grasp: pain keeps watch on corruption, limiting also insipidity and sleep [[1007]] in Index II (Poems)">[[1007]]: «Be blessed, my God, who gives us suffering
As a divine remedy for our impurities,
And as the best and purest essence
To prepare the strong for holy ecstasies!» These lines appear very solemn, but their author took many precautions regarding the tone of preacher [705]: «"The Wise Man trembles when he laughs." Whose authoritarian lips, whose absolutely orthodox pen let fall this strange and arresting maxim? Does it come to us from the philosopher king of Judea? Should it be attributed to Joseph de Maistre, that soldier filled with the Holy Spirit?» The evocation of the joys of the body is even the subject of his amused reflection when he uses fond words evoking Greek or Roman antiquity [[1064]] in Index II (Poems)">[[1064]]: «Then men and women in their agility
Found pleasure without lies, without anxiety,
And, the enamoured sky caressing their backs,
They exercised the health of their noble machine.
Cybele then, bountiful in generous gifts,
Did not find her sons too heavy a burden,
But, she-wolf with heart full of common tenderness
Fed the universe from her brown nipples…

We have, it is true, in our corrupt nations,
Beauties unknown to ancient peoples…But these inventions of our tardy muses
Will never prevent the sickly races
From paying profound homage to youth,
-To holy youth, to simple air, to smooth brow,
To clear and limpid eye like running water,
Pouring out on everything, regardless
Like the azure sky, the birds and flowers,
Its perfumes, its songs, its sweet fervour!» These lines must not be declared pompously to be totally foreign to „Correspondences“ by arguing that Baudelaire’s thought changed significantly between the moments the two poems were written since both appeared for the first time in 1857 and no trace of them is manifest before this date which is a convenient and logical marker for the works quoted to clarify the celebrated sonnet [7]-[662].

§111
· Calculation of a problem gradient without pivot
Theory

Let us calculate the problem gradient of rb(temple~Correspondences) It is not a tension but a slight problem of interpretation; the author appears to have put together the notions of sounds, colours and perfumes and the idea given by the title, but he might not have related this latter principally to «temple», so let us consider the degree of plausibility in the idea that he has thought of this relationship as being awkward. With 1/qepfzgj, we have 1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(2.2)(2)(1)=0.056 which is insignificant. Since here the traces are terms, q=e=1 and as the sonnet is silent on the difficulty mentioned, p=2. The title is isolated from the first line so f=2. The distance is 2 fronts, «Nature» and «is», giving z=2+(1(2/10))=2.2 and finally, since nothing in the poem goes against the principle that an obstacle exists, certainly not «answer», «symbols» or «words», ((g)(j))=2 with ((g)(j))=(2)(1)=2 if we choose to give 1 for the isolated term «Correspondences».

Method

The relation of a title with what follows it is not easily analysed. On the one hand, we know that the whole text obeys the heading at the wish of the author, but on the other we may often be justified in thinking that he might not always have had it particularly in mind, at least as regards the most subtle details of meaning.

Application to Baudelaire

The question of the temple being the natural world leads to that of the divinity in honour of whom a building was erected. This point takes us to the notion of a nameless god which may have occurred to the last apostle [153]: «Then Paul stood in the midst of Mars’ hill, and said, Ye men of Athens, I perceive that in all things ye are too superstitious. For as I passed by, and beheld your devotions, I found an altar with this inscription, "to the unknown god". Whom therefore ye ignorantly worship, him declare I unto you.» He carries on [142]-[154]: «For in him we live, and move, and have our being; as certain also of your own poets have said, For we are also his offspring. Forasmuch then as we are the offspring of God, we ought not to think that the Godhead is like unto gold, or silver, or stone, graven by art and man’s device.»

§112
· Calculation of a problem gradient with pivot
Theory

Let us examine the gradient obtained by a problem gloss with pivot: rb(N~Nature). As «Nature» is a term, e=1, and since N has no clear meaning represented by any term impossible to find in a collision, the other carver (q) is equal to 2. There is no explicit indication in the text of any difficulty described by rb(N~ Nature), which gives a value of 2 to the pole (p). The component (f) is 1 because there can be no objection to the relationship “N-Nature”. As for (z), it also is 1 due to this very strong link. Then ((g)(j))=2 as admittedly the problem is likely to be posed, but does not have the strength of a collision, and furthermore with N being a difficult enough point for (g) to be 1, the value j=2 becomes inevitable for ((g)(j))=2. Therefore the gradient is 1/(2)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(2)=⅛ which is double 1/16, the limit below which it can be disregarded.

Method

For a collision the gradient is the channel 1/tsmw and as a result, when each of the factors are 2 it is 1/(2)(2)(2) (2)=1/16=0.062. We must be justified in considering this as almost nothing since it is impossible to have nought with our measurement device.

Application to Baudelaire

The N of «Nature» must also give rise to another sort of gloss, in vb(N~Nature), even if the notion of a "person-world" merely displaces each difficulty it deals with. The majestic aspects of the natural world have been sung by many authors in the past who were much admired by school masters at the time of Baudelaire. Pliny shows his emotion [770]: «…the huge expanse of the Hercynian Oak Forest which, impervious to the passage of time, is coeval with the world and exceeds all marvels with its almost limitless age.» He then goes on to describe the hugeness of the roots of these trees of the north: «…in their struggle with one another their arches rise as high as branches and curve in the manner of open gateways so that squadrons of cavalry can pass through.»

§113
· Calculation of an attenuation without pivot
Theory

The gloss vb(incense~senses) attenuating rb(corrupt~incense) has a gradient with q=e=1 owing to the two terms; p=2 since no explicit clarification of the meaning of the corruption in question is given in the text; f=2 because the clear relationship which is established between «incense» and «transports» has no equivalent between «incense» and «senses»; z=2.4 from the fronts «which», «sing», «transports» and «mind»; g=j=1 as «transports» serves as a stratum, supplying the notion of intoxication and so also that of sensuality. Altogether 2(1/qepfzgj)=2(1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(2.4)(1)(1)=1/4.8=0.208, a result which seems tenable.

Method

Paragraphs 21, 34, 63, 105, 106 provide the basic explanation of the conditions necessary for s=1 and z=1.

Application to Baudelaire

The glosses rb(corrupt~mind) on the one hand and vb(incense~senses) on the other present similar cases where an obvious framework is very close but in the end is not achieved. The idea that the perfume of temples leads to excess cannot easily be set apart from that concerning its cost. Pliny indicates what are [767]«…the riches of Arabia and the reasons which have given it the names "Happy" and "Blessed".» He immediately explains: «Incense is only found in Arabia, and not even everywhere in Arabia…The Forests [of incense] are twenty schenes long and ten wide. The schene, according to the calculations of Eratosthenes, is equal to 40 stadia, that is five thousand paces; according to others, 32 stadia. Lofty hills rise up there, where incense trees grow naturally, descending right down to the plain. It is agreed that the soil is clayey, with few nitrous sources…Only Arabians can see the incense trees -and even then, not every Arabian. It is said that not more than 3,000 families retain as a hereditary privilege the right to collect incense; and so the members of these families are called "sacred"…the incense used to be harvested once a year, the sale being rather scarce in times past. Now the lure of gain has brought a second harvest. The early, natural one, is about the time of the rising of Sirius, at the hottest part of the summer. They tap the tree where the bark appears full and stretched to its thinnest. The bark is opened by a blow, and not stripped. A viscous froth gushes forth. It is left to thicken and coagulate. This substance is caught on palm-leaves, where the nature of the ground requires this; elsewhere it is collected on a fïrm, trodden surface around a tree. The first procedure gives purer incense, the second, a heavier type. The incense that remains on the tree is removed with a knife: it is thus mixed with bark. The forest, which is divided into specific plots, is protected by mutual honesty no-one guards the wounded trees, no-one steals from his neighbour. However, in Alexandria, where the incense is processed, no precautions are sufficient, I swear to it, to protect the workshops! The workers’aprons are sealed, masks or close-messed nets are put on their heads; they have to take all their clothes off before they leave, so true is it that punishment here provides less security than they have over there in their forests. In the autumn the summer’s exuded produce is harvested; it is the purest incense, it is white. The second harvest is made in the spring, on incisions made in winter. The incense produced is reddish, and is not as valuable as the previous sort…The incense that remains suspended in round drops is called male incense…Some people think this is because it resembles testicles…The harvested incense is transported on the backs of camels…» Certain mixtures of perfumes, which are rather less costly than the original product, are also burnt for the divinities.

§114
· Calculation of an attenuation with pivot
Theory

Let us measure the gradient obtained by vb(N~Nature) which will be perceived in the relationship with rb(answer~Nature). The initial components have already been seen: q=2 and e=1. In the same way f=z=1; (p), (g) and (j) remain to be defined. The notion of a temple provides a convenient stratum to justify the values g=j=1. Finally as nowhere does the text claim to clarify itself, p=2. The result is 2(1/qepfzgj)= 2(1/ (2)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1))=2(¼)=½=0.5.

Method

Paragraph 112 gives the explanations of (q), (e), (f), and (z) independent of the type of gloss, in (r), (v) or (o).

Application to Baudelaire

The plateau rb(répondent~Nature) vb(N~Nature) is less plausible, giving ((1/tsmw)(0.5/k)) but such a value cannot be counted because the channel mentioned is less than 0.062. Effectively t=2 as there is no link between «répondent» and «Nature»; s=6.1 as a result of the 41 fronts between the two terms; m=2 because “répondre” can mean “équilibrer”, to balance; w=2 as the world could contain some reality with the power of speech while itself having no language. Thus tsmw=(2)(6.1)(2)(2)=48.8 which gives 1/tsmw=1/48.8=0.02. No appreciable result can come from the calculation of a clarification of great force applied to too slight a problem.

§115
· Calculation of a neutral gloss without pivot
Theory

The gradient of ob(homme~parfums¹) (man-Perfumes), with «parfums» taken from the eighth line remains negligible. The value of the carvers is 1; since no declaration is made in the text on any attempt to present a pure statement, p=2; the relationship between the traces is minimal so f=2; z=4.6 because there are 26 fronts between the traces. As the principal meaning of the poem concerns the natural world, there is a problem in linking «parfums» to «homme» rather than to «Nature», so that g=j=2; in order to secure g=j=1, the gloss would have had to be totally lacking in any difficult or enlightening nature: this would really have justified its neutrality. The gradient is thus 1/qepfzgj=1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(4.6)(2)(2) which is smaller than 1/ (2)(2)(2)(2) and so considered impossible to be taken seriously.

Method

The same way that a mainly imaginative text can contain an isolated argument, in certain cases inventories can have their place in poetic works and the role of neutral glosses is to deal with this kind of passage.

Application to Baudelaire

The abundance of enigma in „Correspondences“ would seem to bring out these descriptions as needless but for this poem some use of them leads to a gradient exceeding 1/16, thus concerning ob(perfumes~expansion) with «perfumes» from the ninth line, we achieve 1/q(1)e(1)p(2)f(1)z(1)g(1)j(1) and so ½ or 0.5. As can be seen in the case of the meaning allowing this gloss there are simple ideas in the sonnet, though it is true that Baudelaire’s thought is sometimes difficult to follow. The love of simplicity also gives all that is necessary to write b(green~ meadows), as has often been remarked [670]. Pliny, also taking an interest in the bases of the world of the intellect, quotes Homer and then continues thus [771]«Cicero, another shining light of literature, said: "Better are perfumes with the taste of soil than those with the taste of saffron". He actually preferred "taste" to "smell". We can say then "The best soil is that which has a taste of perfumes". If we need indications on the odour required for the soil, it is often found, without the soil even being disturbed, at sunset, at the rainbow’s end, and when after a prolonged drought, it has been wet by rain. It gives out then this characteristic divine breath, conceived by the sun, which can compare with no other aroma.»

§116
· Calculation of a neutral gloss with pivot
Theory

Let us find the gradient of ob(N~Nature) since we already know that rb(N~Nature) has a gradient of ⅛ and we suspect it might be helpful to establish vb(N~Nature) in view of several problems. For ob(N~Nature) the result is 1/qepfzgj=1/(2)(1)(2)(1)(1)(2)(2) as N gives us q=2; «Nature» e=1; the text’s silence p=2; the clearness of the link f=z=1; the possibility of problems with N, g=j=2. In this way the threshold of insignificance 1/16 is in no way surmounted here so that vb(N~Nature) seems to reserve some interesting aspect.

Method

It can be remarked that a multiplicity of gradients for the attenuation should mean there will be more than six glosses within the same shelving since often several attenuating ones exist with the same formulae but different gradients. For this reason the number of glosses in any shelving must be limited to six, with only two in (v), one for (b) and the other in (d).

Application to Baudelaire

The attenuation vb(N~Nature) is relevant in particular for dealing with rb(pillars~words) and rb(forests~symbols). The contents of the spit (N~Nature) for intuition guide us in two ways: one to the question of rb(N~Nature) and the other to the idea that a "person-world" could speak or supply a symbolic system. As for vb(N~Nature), the plausibility of which remains to be measured, this notion reminds us that the church is usually represented as a man stretching out his arms. The apostle of the gentiles wrote [156]«…ye are the temple of the living God…» and the symbol of the cross provides a major clue to understanding the form of many constructions. Porphyry wrote independently that for the divinity [809]«…among men a temple has been consecrated, that of thought…» but he adds «…above all that of the wise man, or rather that alone…» French, Baudelaire’s language, was long marked by the fact, not without parallel in other languages, that the same word defined the anatomical temples and temples for worship [855].

§117
· Crosspiece
Theory

The reinforcement of a neutral or problem gloss by another often presupposes a device which we will call the crosspiece. For this the glosses must be of the same type, with the symbol (r) or (o), must have formulae with the same signs for the judgement, (b) or (d), have a common trace and finally have no contradictory significances.

Application to Baudelaire

Thus ob(N~Nature) and ob(N~temple) have a crosspiece, while rb(rich~ musk) and rb(triumphant~others) do not since they have no common term; in the same way vb(corrupt~ others) and vd(cool~others) elude the crosspiece because of the different signs in their formulae. Intuitively rb(rich~musk) and rb(triumphant~others) reinforce each other, as do vb(corrupt~others) vd(cool~others) but the calculation cannot follow this immediately.

Method

The way used to calculate the reciprocal reinforcement of the collisions seems less impoverishing but we must not forget that in the first place sorting out these collisions is very demanding, so that here again a strict screening of views has taken place; it has simply been carried out before the enhancement and the shouldering become effective. The reinforcement of a collision by a problem gloss necessarily has a mixed element and yet comprises no impossibility since every collision is a gloss, with the result that we obtain here simply one problem gloss which supports another.

§118
· Reinforcements of one gloss attenuations
Theory

Two attenuation glosses with gradients obtained through multiplication by two reinforce each other when they deal in a calculable way with any identical problem, have the same sign, (b) or (d), possess a common trace and contain no conflict of meaning between each other or between them and the text.

Method

Two such attenuations give together a meaning which none of them alone would provide. Fortunately, there is usually no danger to the text as a result of this.

Application to Baudelaire

In the attenuating approach to rb(living~pillars), a reinforcement occurs between vb(pillars~forests) and vb(pillars~symbols); then concerning rb(Nature~ pillars) these two glosses can mutually reinforce their attenuations and again do not engender any special difficulty for the understanding of the sonnet.

§119
· Reinforcements of attenuations in two glosses
Theory

For the reinforcement of glosses with sum gradients no repetition of spits is admissible from one pair to the other, so that vb(Perfumes~sweet) vb(colours~sweet) has no measurable help from vb(Perfumes~ sweet) vb(sounds~sweet) because of the repetition of (Perfumes~sweet). On every other point the principles governing glosses with gradients obtained through multiplication by two are largely applicable. For example vb(Nature~Perfumes), vb(Perfumes~temple) directed to deal with rb(Nature~temple) must attenuate it in a calculable way like vb(Nature~colours), vb(colours~temple) which reinforce them. The two pairs can neither oppose the text nor undermine each other. Finally for glosses considered in twos, here vb(Nature~Perfumes) vb(Nature~colours) on the one hand and vb(Perfumes~temple) vb(colours~temple) on the other, a reinforcement must have taken place on an intuitive level and there must be a common trace. More generally we will use "x" as a symbol of “b or d, always the same one”, and then "y" for “b or d, whether or not it is identical to x, as long as it remains constant once in use”. Then on both sides with vx(A~E) vy(F~L) and vx(A ~H) vy(F~R) a meaning is necessary which allows vx(A~E) and vx(A~H) to reinforce each other while vy(F~L) vy(F~R) do the same.

Method

The presence of negative shunts seen in paragraph 46 suggests that certain books will allow the use of reinforcements for (d) glosses with sum gradients. Other types of reinforcement may be detectable since the presence of negative shunts seen in paragraph 46 suggests that certain works will allow the use of reinforcements for (d) glosses with sum gradients.

Application to Baudelaire

The model will remain very different: vb(Nature~Perfumes) vb(Perfumes~temple), vb(Nature~colours) vb(colours~temple). Once the idea that impressions fuse has been attached to the standard point of view, it cannot be harmful as it incites reflection on poetry. It may be different on other levels and Plato took certain precautions with one of the traditions conveying this type of image [762]: «…in music there are figures and modulations, since music is made of rhythm and harmony, so that depicting a look or an attitude as rhythmical or harmonious is correct, but not attributing them a beautiful colour, according to the expression full of imagery of the chorus masters…» On the other hand the charm of the notion produces such a moving effect that in spite of the often ambiguous use of the verb "to see" in the most diverse texts, when following a very different line of thought we are struck by the account of the cloud Moses enters [111]: «And all the people saw the thunderings, and the lightnings, and the noise of the trumpet, and the mountain smoking: and when the people saw it, they removed, and stood afar off.»

§120
· Calculation of two reinforcements of glosses in (r)
Theory

Let us try to calculate two reinforcements for the glosses rb(rich~amber), rb(triumphant~amber). The gradients 1/qepfzgj and 1/q’e’p’f’z’g’j’ lead to the carousels (1/qepfzgj)+(1/q’e’p’f’z’kg’j’) and (1/q’e’p’f’z’g’j’)+ (1/qepfzkgj). Fortunately the two gradients have the same form with q=q’=e=e’=1 owing to the terms; p=p’=2 because the text is silent on these problems; f=f’=z=z’=1 as a result of the strong grammatical links; finally g=g’=j=j’=2 as no problem appears to be decisively raised, «triumphant» and «rich» easily passing as figurative terms from the creator’s point of view. The components (1), (1), (2), (1), (1), (2), (2) provide the necessary for the same gradient to be given to both glosses: 1/(1)(1)(2)(1)(1)(2)(2)=⅛=0.125. The exterior spacing (k) equals 1 since there appears to be a complete continuity of intention linking the four terms. The identical carousels are as follows: 1/(1)(1)(2)(1)(1)(2)(2)+1/(1)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(2)(2)=⅛+⅛=¼.

Method

The neutral glosses with the same spits will visibly have the same gradients and with the prospect of reinforcement, identical carousels.

Application to Baudelaire

A similar observation can be made on ob(rich~musk) and ob(triumphant~musk). Also rb(rich~musk) and rb(triumphant~musk) will give this kind of result. We reach an evocation of the forces of attraction by turning to the last lines since the perfumes singing of transports celebrate love. We see signs everywhere of Baudelaire’s cultivated mind backed by effective knowledge. At the age of eighteen he wrote to his stepfather [633]: «You know that I have acquired a taste for ancient languages…» A prize for Latin verse in the "Concours Général" preceded this, lending some weight to his declaration [598]. We can quote Virgil on the rousing effects of sensitivity [967]: «Yes, the whole race of earthly beings, men or beasts, and of marine creatures, the herds and multicoloured birds, throw themselves furiously into these ardent transports: love is the same for all…It is above all, with no doubt, the amorous frenzy of mares which is remarkable… they all rear up on the high rocks, facing the Zephyr, they are penetrated by light breezes and often, without any coupling, impregnated by the wind, oh wonder! they bolt away through the rocks, the peaks and the steep-sided valleys…» Thus natural power is skilfully applied to the organs of life.

§121
· Calculation of two reinforcements of glosses in (o)
Theory

Let us examine the reinforcements of ob(N~Nature) and ob(N~temple). Their gradients 1/q¹e¹p¹f¹z¹g¹ j¹ and 1/q¹’e¹’p¹’f¹’z¹’g¹’j¹’ are identical: 1/(2)(1)(2)(1)(1)(2)(2). However since the rivet means these two values are negligible, we will not discuss them very long. We can see that q¹=q¹’=2 from the pivot; e¹=e¹’=1 from the term; p¹=p¹’=2 from lack of mention; f¹=f¹’=z¹=z¹’=1 from the textual link; g¹=g¹’=j¹=j¹’=2 from the possibility of substantial (v) glosses. Each of the carousels will obtain a plausibility of ((1/16)+(1/(16) (1)))=2(1/16)=⅛ with the quantity k¹=1. Let us modify the text, in order to increase the values, by imagining it begins with “Reality or Nature is the absolute comprising even, if one considers it well, every temple through which man passes…” The term “absolute” justifies the N and in no way belongs to an identifiable collision, giving us 1 for the components q² and q²’. The result is to increase the gradient common to both expressions to ⅛ by multiplying 1/16 by 2. The carousels are not bothered by (k²) since the requirements of grammar make it 1 and thus they are ⅛+⅛=¼. If we expand this we have (1/q²e²p²f²z²g²j²) +(1/q²’e²’p²’f²’z²’k²g²’j²’) and (1/q²’e²’p²’f²’z²’g²’j²’)+(1/q²e²p²f²z²k²g²j²) with (1/(1)(1)(2)(1)(1)(2) (2))+(1/(1)(1)(2) (1)(1)(1)(2)(2))=¼ here for both.

Method

If the exterior spacings of such attenuations are the same, this is because they depend only on the values of (z²) and (z²’) and on the continuity of intention uniting their traces, or on the distance between the two furthest. Such relations do in fact affect both carousels simultaneously.

Application to Baudelaire

Whether they share a trace as in the reinforcement or there is none as in certain attenuations, two glosses give a spacing that is easy to calculate. In the situation we have just seen, the same link is valid for “temple-Nature” as for “Nature-temple”, if such a statement can be made. As far as the attenuations are concerned, things are even clearer since the exterior spacing is counted only for the attenuation gloss h(2(i/k)) or h((i/k)+(i’/k’)). With rb(answer~Perfumes) vb(sweet~Perfumes) the calculation of h(i/k) depends only on the distance Perfumes-sweet. The attenuation rb(answer~Perfumes) vb(sweet~ colours) presents four terms, but only the two less strongly linked are important for k’ which in turn affects the final result of h(i’/k’). The fundamental contents are more difficult to determine. The combination of a sort of pantheism with the most ancient of views relating to objects is somewhat ambiguous. Balzac’s remarks, speaking of a very young character, are compatible with an open mind on this point [90]: «His writings showed signs of the struggle taking place in that bright soul between those two great principles, Spiritualism and Materialism, round which so many minds of genius have turned, without any one daring to fuse the two.»

§122
· Calculation of an attenuation reinforcement in two glosses
Theory

The reinforcement of vb(Nature~parfums¹) vb(parfums¹~temple) by vb(Nature~couleurs) vb(couleurs ~temple) in view of the collision rb(Nature~temple) which is to be attenuated, is composed of that provided for vb(Nature~parfums¹) from vb(Nature~couleurs), plus the help given to vb(parfums¹~temple) from vb(couleurs~temple). (The reinforcement of vb(Nature~Perfumes) vb(Perfumes~temple) by vb(Nature~ colours) vb(colours~temple) in view of the collision rb(Nature~temple) which is to be attenuated, is composed of that provided for vb(Nature~Perfumes) from vb(Nature~colours), plus the help given to vb(Perfumes~temple) from vb(colours~temple).) The plausibility of vb(Nature~parfums¹) (Nature-Perfumes) is 1/qepfzgj=1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(5.7)(1)(1)=0.043 with q=e=1 because of the terms; p=2 since the text makes absolutely no declaration on the commentary; f=2 as the link between the terms is weak; z=5.7 from the 37 fronts between «Nature» and “parfums¹” (Perfumes); g=j=1 owing to «répondent» (answer) which suggests the faithful for the perfumes and so guarantees the clarification given by the link “parfums¹-répondent- Nature-temple” (Perfumes-answer-Nature-tempel). Related justifications present us with an amount of 1/(1) (1)(2)(2)(5.8)(1)(1)=0.043 for vb(Nature~couleurs) (Nature-colours). The result for vb(parfums¹~temple) (Perfumes-temple) is very close to this at 1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(5.5)(1)(1)=0.045. In the same way vb(couleurs~ temple) (colours-temple) gives 1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(5.6)(1)(1) or 0.044. As we have sum gradients here, to find out what they are we must add the values from vb(Nature~parfums¹) and vb(parfums¹~temple) (Nature- Perfumes, Perfumes-temple) for example. The two gradients are thus (0.043+0.045) and (0.043+0.044), that is respectively 0.088 and 0.087. However, when the reinforcement is to be measured, the two exterior spacings are essential. The calculation is thus ((0.043+0.045)+(0.043/k)+ (0.044/k’)) with for (k) the value separating vb(Nature~couleurs) from vb(Nature~parfums¹) (Nature-colours, Nature-Perfumes), that is 5.8 and for k’ that between vb(couleurs~temple) and vb(parfums¹~temple) (colours-temple, Perfumes-temple), 5.6. Thus the values are: ((0.043+0.045)+(0.043/5.8)+(0.044/5.6))=((0.043+0.045)+(0.007+0.007))=(0.088+ 0.014)=0.102.

Method

This does not reach the level of the ell of the plateau comprising the problem gloss with the quadruple attenuation. Again, to reach it, the values of the exterior spacings between the attenuations and the problem must be known.

Application to Baudelaire

Each section will have its own particular number for the distance to rb(Nature~temple): k° for vb(Nature~Perfumes), k¹ for vb(Perfumes~temple), k² for vb(Nature~colours) and finally k³ for vb(colours~temple). The atmosphere, heavy with perfumes, evokes the smoke from oriental substances and the slowly chewed leaves. Ecstasy often nourishes the most frenzied hopes, like that of the mastery of future ages combined with complaints about daily existence on waking; when exhausted, we do not know what we really value and how to act [[992]] in Index II (Poems)">[[992]]: «On evil’s pillow, Satan Trismegistus
Long lulls our enchanted spirit,
And the rich metal of our will
Is all vaporized by this wise chemist.» Dissipated resolution does not always lead to calm retirement, withdrawal, passivity. Sometimes, on the contrary, suicide, violence, the luxury of tyrants animate the fantasy. The painting ¨the Death of Sardanapalus¨ by Delacroix is full of these images [166]-[392].

§123
· A plateau
Theory

Let us continue the previous calculation to find the ell of the plateau rb(Nature~temple) (Nature- temple), I, vb(Nature~parfums¹) (Nature-Perfumes), II, vb(parfums¹~temple) (Perfumes-temple), III, vb(Nature~couleurs) (Nature-colours), IV, vb(couleurs~temple) (colours-temple), V, with glosses II and III reinforced by IV and V. The various attenuation exterior spacings resemble very closely the interior spacings since the distances are based on the same traces: «Nature», «temple», “parfums¹”, «couleurs» (Nature, temple, Perfumes, colours). On the other hand they contrast strongly with the reinforcement exterior spacings. On principle the ell is 1/tsmw((1/qepfzkgj+1/q’e’p’f’z’k’g’j’)+(1/q’’e’’p’’f’’z’’k’’k°g’’j’’+1/q’’’e’’’ p’’’f’’’z’’’k’’’k¹g’’’j’’’)), and, by giving the effective values (1/(1)(1)(1)(1))((1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(5.7)(5.7)(1)(1))+(1/ (1)(1)(2)(2)(5.5)(5.7)(1)(1))+(1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(5.8)(1)(5.8)(1)(1))+(1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(5.6)(1)(5.8)(1)(1)))=((1/129.96) +(1/125.4)+(1/134.56)+(1/129.92))=(0.007+0.007+0.007+0.007) or 0.03 when rounded up. The result may seem low but is acceptable. If we add a further reinforcement, from «sons» (sounds), we would not be far from 0.04.

Method

There would be only minimal difficulties of presentation since by using the symbols h, i, i’, i’’, i’’’, i’’’’, i’’’’’ for the initial values, and k² and k³ for the new reinforcement exterior spacings, with k’’’’ and k’’’’’ for the new attenuation exterior spacings, the total would be h(((i/k)+(i’/k’))+((i’’/k’’k°)+(i’’’/k’’’k¹))+ ((i’’’’/k’’’’k²)+(i’’’’’/k’’’’’k³))).

Application to Baudelaire

Attention must be paid here to the point that k°, k¹, k², k³ refer to vb(Nature~Perfumes) vb(Perfumes~temple) and k, k’, k’’, k’’’, k’’’’, k’’’’’ to rb(Nature~temple). The abundance of reinforcements possible in certain types of work for relationships between ideas leads us to think of the vast number of effective links they can point out, often to the surprise of the critics. It is true that the meaning of a text is less vague than that of a painting but comparing these productions is not entirely absurd because they have some similarities. Baudelaire indicated how a view far removed from his most deeply rooted conceptions came to him [714]: «It is said that Balzac (who would not listen with respect to anecdotes, however small, relating to this great genius?) finding himself one day before a beautiful picture, a winter scene, melancholy and full of frost and rime, with huts and stunted peasants here and there, after contemplating a little house from which a wisp of smoke was rising, he cried: "How beautiful it is! But what are they doing in that hut? What are they thinking about, what are their sorrows? Have the harvests been good? They no doubt have payments due to be made?"» Baudelaire adds: «Laugh at M. de Balzac if you will. I do not know which painter had the honour of engendering thrills, conjecture and worry in the mind of the great novelist, but I think with his delightful naivety he gave us an excellent lesson in criticism in this way. I shall often appreciate a picture only through all the ideas or reveries that it brings to my mind.»

§124
· Difficult nature of a "plateau of all the plateaux"
Theory

It proves difficult to obtain a complete view of the work analysed in a plateau as, if we suppose that vb(Nature~Perfumes) is reinforced by vb(Nature~colours), the converse is not easily applicable in the same plateau. In fact (h)+(h’/k) and then (h’)+(h/k) would first have to be used. The whole would make (((h)+(h’/k)) ((h’)+(h/k)))=hh’+((h squared)/k)+((h’ squared)/k)+(h’h/(k squared)) which would often greatly weaken the number obtained for a slight gain in observation.

Method

A creator nearly always perceives intuitively what he creates and so the main meaning frequently hides the distant background of ideas. In research such as ours that simplifies to a large extent, it is better to seek the most important significances and leave the more elusive finer points to the standard accompanying commentary.

Application to Baudelaire

When in a plateau vb(Nature~ Perfumes) vb(Perfumes~temple) is reinforced by vb(Nature~colours) vb(colours~temple) it is tedious to also count the plausibility of the converse. Instead of h((i/k+i’/k’)+(i¹/k¹k¹’+i²/k²k²’)) it would necessarily give a minute amount: h(((i/k+i’/k’)+(i¹/k¹k¹’+i²/k²k²’))((i¹/k¹’+i²/k²’)+(i/k¹k+i’/k²k’))). According to the calculation in the previous paragraph, this would make ((0.03)(0.03)) in this extremely simple case with values k¹=k²=1, instead of 0.03. Let us not therefore look for the complete plateau with the others in it, but an interesting outline for the critics with a substantial numerical value.

§125
· Increasing the plausibility of an interpretation
Theory

In order to increase the plausibility of a plateau, some opportunities for reinforcement should be seized if they add anything to the meaning. In this way the overall result which is usually rather low unless dealing with banalities, is brought up to 1. Thus, even if rather cumbersome, we should opt for a plateau with rb(answer~Perfumes), vb(Perfumes~cool) vb(cool~colours), vb(Perfumes~sweet) vb(sweet~sounds), vb(colours~triumphant) vb(triumphant~sounds) for example.

Method

It is even preferable, to avoid any unbalance in perspective, to include only thoughts that go with sets of formulae with high measurements, disregarding those of minimal plausibility.

Application to Baudelaire

At the same time we should be able to follow the author in his attempts to combine words, in much the same way as with the distances we try to follow his train of thought. However, little is known of Baudelaire’s ways; wine and then opium, used at first for stomach problems, played a no doubt partly intentional role, slightly modifying his usual frame of reference for existence [610]-[669]. Writing against the notion of decadent literature, he compared art and light, noting with regard to Edgar Allan Poe [682]«In the play of this dying sun, some poetic minds will find new delights: they will find dazzling colonnades…all the memories of opium…» He remarked some time before [680]: «…I think that in many cases, not certainly in all, Poe’s drunkenness was a mnemonic device, a work method that was both energetic and lethal, but appropriate to his passionate nature. The poet had learnt to drink, like a painstaking literary hack practises filling books of notes.» Besides experiencing the individual physical fascinations that move everyone with such patient strength, Baudelaire believes that Poe was attracted by the artist’s hope: «He could not resist the desire to rediscover the marvellous or frightening visions, the subtle conceptions that he had met in a previous storm…»

§126
· Dealing with apparently preposterous ideas
Theory

Since it must be possible to use the analysis whatever viewpoint is adopted on Baudelaire, so long as it is an admissible one, to see how adaptable it is let us imagine a clarification contrasting with those most often chosen, relating to rb(Nature~temple). Let us look at the attenuation vb(corrupt~temple). According to this commentary, the author, perceiving a negative nature in temples, considers it appropriate to use the religious edifice to symbolize the evil in the world, and though he conceals these thoughts, he provides clues for the most able to find them. It is very doubtful that the poet conceived „Correspondences“ in this way, but the description rb(Nature~temple) vb(corrupt~temple) makes a plateau.

Method

The diversity which is the overriding characteristic of the critics can be represented in the choice of interpretation, with documentary backup to fuel debate on the author’s ideas without the method favouring any interpretations other than those with the most appreciable evidence behind them.

Application to Baudelaire

It would not appear to be an easy task to find a buffer which would prevent the acceptance of a meaning of the sonnet which was hostile to religion, as Baudelaire constantly changes sides. Considering that part of the intellectual heritage was used with little finesse by its very defenders, he multiplied his attacks on them in his work, even going as far as to address prayers to the Devil [[1074]] in Index II (Poems)">[[1074]]: «Who puts in the eyes and hearts of girls
A cult of wounds, a love for rags!

Oh Satan, take pity on my long misery!

…Let my soul one day, beneath the Tree of Knowledge,
Rest near you, when on your brow
Like a new Temple its branches will spread!» The idea that we need the dark side of humanity owing to the contrast on which reflection feeds, encourages us to seek in the teeming mass of opposites for a refuge from the platitudes which lead to superficial knowledge. The poet, tempted to explore excesses and extremes, may have been held back by having an eye to his own interest, despite the fact that income from family sources meant he would never be reduced to destitution. It is true that his irritation that his income was too small to satisfy his taste for distinction made him, like many others, feel he had been duped, but if he had really become an adversary of accepted ideas, at least, like Don Juan, he finally chose ambiguity [901]-[[1030]] in Index II (Poems)">[[1030]].

§127
· An ell
Theory

Let us measure the plausibility of the plateau rb(Nature~temple) vb(corrompus~temple) which is extremely limited but contains a problem with an attenuation and so has internal coherence. The ell is 1/tsmw(2(1/qepfzgj)), that is (1/(1)(1)(1)(1))(2(1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(7.3)(7.5)(1)(1)))=1/109.5=0.009. The terms justify q=e=1; the lack of textual clarification gives the key to understanding p=2; the loose relation means f=2; z=7.3 from the 53 fronts between «corrompus» (corrupt) and «temple»; k=7.5 because «est» (is) and «temple» must be added to reach «Nature»; g=j=1 because of the lines referring to the corruption of incense.

Method

In spite of the strength of the slides, this calculation can only just be accepted as the gradient is 2(1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(7.3)(1)(1)) which is 1/14.6=0.068 with the limit for the rivet being 0.062=1/16.

Application to Baudelaire

For a larger plateau including the one seen above not to have an excessively low ell, the number of reckless interpretations must be limited. However, it can be observed that here the low result was not a sanction for a daring idea but it came solely from the distance of the terms.

§128
· Further calculation of an ell
Theory

The calculation of the plateau rb(répondent~parfums¹) vb(parfums¹~frais) vb(frais~couleurs) (N.B. frais: cool) gives 1/tsmw(1/qepfzkgj+1/q’e’p’f’z’k’g’j’) or 1/(1)(1)(2)(1)((1/(1)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1))+(1/(1)(1)(2) (2)(2.5)(2.6)(1)(1)))=½(½+1/26)=0.269. Reinforcements from vb(parfums¹~Doux) vb(couleurs~Doux) (N.B. Doux: soft) or vb(parfums¹~triomphants) vb(sons~triomphants) (N.B. sons: sounds) improve the result. The other sort of exterior spacing that is used for the reinforcement should then be counted. The presence of vb(parfums¹~frais) vb(parfums¹~Doux) vb(parfums¹~riches) vb(parfums¹~triomphants) can nevertheless be noted; the exterior spacing between these glosses seems to be limited by strong grammatical links and so, instead of doing the whole calculation, it is enough to see these points. Amongst the four last glosses it is true that there is a discrepancy between the last pair and the first one, but the perfumes of the incense type are still perfumes in the sense of the second quatrain and so the exterior spacing of vb(parfums¹~riches) for vb(parfums¹~frais) and rb(répondent~parfums¹) is 1. Together rb(répondent~parfums¹) vb(parfums¹~frais) vb(parfums¹~Doux) vb(parfums¹~riches) vb(parfums¹~triomphants) would as such reach (1/(1)(1)(2)(1))(1/ (1)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)+1/(1)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)+1/(1)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)+1/(1)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)) =½(½+½+½+½)=(½)(2) but with the leveller, this becomes (½)(1)=½. It is not necessary to establish the other quantities since the overall result will be limited in any case to this amount by convention.

Method

The same result could not have been produced when multiplying rather then adding more or less low values because in the product of numbers exclusively less than 1, the weaknesses accumulate very quickly: while on the one hand 0.5(0.5+0.01+0.5+0.01+0.5+0.01) equals 0.765, on the other 0.5((0.5)(0.01)(0.5)(0.01) (0.5)(0.01)) is 0.0000000625.

Application to Baudelaire

Fortunately the number for vb(Perfumes~cool) for example is not linked in a product with that for vb(colours~cool) so that if we are determined to use it, it is possible simply to add it to (0.5+0.5) from vb(Perfumes~cool) vb(Perfumes~sweet) in particular. Finally it can be pointed out that the strata giving the slides of 1 come from the context: thus the reference to the flesh of children, the colour and smell of which seem, maybe through the tricks of memory, to go together, backs up vb(Perfumes~cool) in the attenuation of rb(answer~Perfumes). 48

§129
· Two ells
Theory

The ells of rb(vivants~piliers) vb(piliers~forêts) (living-pillars, pillars-forests) and of rb(forêts~ symboles) vb(symboles~piliers) are close to each other. The first gives us (1/(1)(1)(1)(2))(2(1/(1)(1)(2)(2) (2.9)(1)(1)(1)))=½(2(1/11.6))=0.086 with «La Nature est un temple…» justifying the slides, while for the second we get 0.083=(1/(1)(1)(2)(1))(2(1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(3)(1)(1)(1))) with the same stratum. The «y» (there) in the third line ensures the continuity of meaning which justifies k=1 in both calculations.

Method

Since the two plateaux have practically the same intuitive bases, it would be problematic if there were a considerable difference in their numerical values.

Application to Baudelaire

The reality through which man passes as if walking through a forest seems like a book to be understood in depth. The «familiar eyes» provide the opportunity to reminisce perhaps. Man could have access through meditation to important questions and not just live. This impression of having a brother in the world makes him happy and at the same time directs his thoughts to trying to understand its bases. Claude Pichois however warns us against the idea that the poem goes further than the evocation of an obscure meaning of things and gives to later generations the mission of understanding the symbolism of nature through some imaginary decoding [667].

§130
· Few plateaux are of interest
Theory

As the rivet is employed in the case of not very substantial judgements, it is frequently used since the extreme facility of the constitution of glosses means that they mostly present nothing accurate. For this reason it is very difficult to find many significant ones. Let us examine the shelving of the spit (corrompus~ sens) (corrupt-senses) to find how many glosses can be counted in it as plausible. The problem rb(corrompus~sens) has a gradient of 1/qepfzgj=1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(3.5)(2)(2); the terms give q=e=1; since the text says nothing concerning a difficulty, we are lead to p=2; the clear link between «corrompus» and «transports» does not in any way allow us to speak of an absolute connection between «sens», and «corrompus» and so f=2; z=3.5 because of the 15 fronts between the two traces; the corruption comes from a badly directed sensuality according to a very ancient moral heritage and therefore g=j=2. The gradient is then negligible at 0.017. To say that rb(corrompus~sens) is a collision proves impossible since there is no tension between the terms. For the other calculations q, e, p, f and z do not alter so we can concentrate on g and j. With rd(corrompus~sens) the slides remain 2 since the so-called problem appears to be invented. There is no problem for example in considering the body innocent: the moral or theological debate on the body as originally holy but corrupted by sin remains possible without any provocation concerning this difficult point. Thus the rivet comes into play again. The gloss vb(corrompus~sens) gives a gradient of 2(1/ (1)(1)(2)(2)(3.5)(1)(1))=0.142 clarifying rb(corrompus~encens); the stratum here comes from «transports» which suggests drunkenness and so sensual pleasures. Again for vd(corrompus~sens) the negligible is exceeded, in relation to rb(Nature~temple). This approach is reasonable but unconvincing: to argue that the sensitive natural world keeps its innocence because sensitivity is not guilty hardly seems to be what Baudelaire would frequently have heard. The two terms though avoid the value of 2 by this view which the author may have known although it was not common at that time in the milieu in which he found the bases of his thinking, the stratum coming then from the first lines of the first tercet which celebrate simplicity. As for vb(corrompus~sens) the gradient is 0.142 with qepfzgj=(1)(1)(2)(2)(3.5)(1)(1). Finally the rivet is applicable to ob(corrompus~sens) and od(corrompus~sens) since passable attenuation glosses exist and so g=j=2 in both cases. The total number of gradients that can be counted, far from being 1, is 2(0.142)=0.284.

Method

Since a creator makes use of a great number of opportunities in his work to defend it mentally from his own thoughts, it must be accepted that, as far as their gradients are concerned, and by means of easily located strata, (v) glosses will often be greater than 0.062.

Application to Baudelaire

Baudelaire is seen to employ the same type of evocation several times in the sonnet, notably with «words», «symbols», «answer» and «sing»; more generally he returns many times to ideas dear to him, for example concerning Balzac or Edgar Allan Poe and even when he writes about painting, the device can be seen in the context of a different art [620].

§131
· Reducing a carver
Theory

In order to further appreciate the parallel between the intuitions and the numerical values found for them, let us consider some variations of the components and of (k). First, (q) will be reduced for vb[in~ incense] with a porterage giving the ending “…like amber, musk, benzoin and incense, which with nasal voice sing of the transports of the mind and the senses.” While in the hoard vb[in~incense] has a gradient of 2(1/(2)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1)) to clarify rb[corrupt~incense], the dispenser for its part gives 2(1/(1)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1) (1)) since “nasal” is in no collision and provides an appropriate meaning for “in”. In the hoard q=2 because of the absence of any term allowing an indubitable commentary on “in”; e=1 by the term; p is 2 because of the complete silence concerning any attenuation; f=1 through the internal nature of “in” for «incense» which makes the relationship a certainty; z=1 as a result; g=j=1 since “in” provides an indication about smell, with an equally vague one concerning sensitivity, sensuality and finally corruption. The porterage thus doubles the result 2(¼)=½ giving a gradient of 2(½)=1.

Method

Let us not regret that the influence of the slides is confined to the passage from 1 to 4 in the gradient denominator, since, if we simplify, the comparison between 1/(2)(2) and 1/(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)(2)(2) is not the only significant fact here: through the rivet, 1/(2)(2) already influences 1/(2)(2)(2)(2); and in 1/qepfzgj to exceed 1/(2)(2)(2)(2) with ((g)(j))=4 considerable qualities need to be shown elsewhere, in particular with a pivot.

Application to Baudelaire

The weak argument concerning “in” which allows us to think of corrupt things, may seem to be taken to excess, but let us not forget the content with its abundance of nasal tones: «…Like amber, musk, benzoin and incense,
Which sing of the transports of the mind and the senses.» This rapprochement is therefore about as sound as that used with vb(N~Nature) concerning rb(pillars~words) even if for the latter the process may be intellectually rather than physically initiated. The fact that the world is personified and can thus speak justifies the use of a capital letter for it, as the distinctive written sign of evaluative designations. A lively imagination often leads us to see to the very core of things through images taken from the human domain as Ovid shows [559]: «There is a way in the empyrean that can easily be seen when the sky is clear; it is called the Milky Way; its brilliant whiteness brings it to the attention of all eyes. It is the way the gods on high take to the royal residence where the sovereign master of the thunder lives. To the right and left stretch the atria, with open doors, haunted by the celestial nobility; the plebeians live apart, elsewhere; at the front and sides, the powerful gods have taken up residence. Such is the abode that I will dare to call, if I am permitted such audacious language, the Palatine of the skies.» It must be recalled that the augurs called part of the heavens or the world figuratively divided a “temple”, so that with such a word the inextricable forest created by the meaning prevents us from seeing straightaway its diverse content [841]-[856].

§132
· Reducing several components
Theory

Some components of vb[incense~senses] attenuating rb[corrupt~incense] can be reduced with a porterage ending thus: “…like amber, musk, benzoin and incense, which sing of the transports of the mind and the senses, clarifying the paradox.” The hoard for vb[incense~senses] gives q=e=1 from the terms; p=2 because of the silence regarding the attenuation; f=2 owing to the weak link between the meaningful words; z=2.4 as, with an unclear connection, 4 fronts separate «incense» from «senses»; g=j=1 with a stratum in the last line concerning drunkenness. The dispenser changes p, f and z which become 1 so that instead of 2(1/ (1)(1)(2)(2)(2.4)(1)(1))=0.208, we get 2(1/(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1))=2 which goes back down to 1 with the leveller. If apart from the modification of the pole (p), the peg (f) and the interior spacing (z) are also changed here, this is because the presence of an argument, shown by the last words of the porterage, replaces the lack of clarity in the coordination of meanings by a strong link. Everything becomes dense, the new specification providing the key to the process. Whereas beauty is lost, rigour increases, clarifying the allusion by the new connection between “corrupt”, “incense” and “senses”; thus z=1 and even f=1.

Method

If words remain identical when the text is modified elsewhere, each term is replaced by another, which explains why the bonds between words must be affected.

Application to Baudelaire

We must think that Baudelaire, trying out rhymes and changing words because of their sound, had to bear in mind the more subtle meaning of „Correspondences“, but this does not make it a work of reasoning and so to state that certain links seem vague is not to attack the author. Altogether implication, inference and ambiguity prevail in the case of the term «corrupt» even if the imperfections of reality have been more vividly proclaimed by the poet in another piece [[1104]] in Index II (Poems)">[[1104]]: «The sobs of martyrs and victims of torture
Are no doubt a heady symphony,
Since, in spite of the cost in blood of their voluptuous pleasure,
The Heavens’appetite is not yet satisfied.» However the author does not claim to be dispassionate when he writes poignant condemnations. Elsewhere he lets his pain show as follows [[1052]] in Index II (Poems)">[[1052]]: «Am I not a false chord
In the divine symphony
Thanks to voracious Irony
Who shakes me and bites me?

…I am the wound and the knife!
I am the slap and the cheek!
I am the limbs and the wheel,
And the victim and the torturer!» Just before these lines, he pictures himself as a violent, impetuous lover [[1051]] in Index II (Poems)">[[1051]]: «…My desire, swollen with hope
Will swim on your salt tears

As a ship that heads for the open sea,
And in my intoxicated heart
Your beloved tears will sound
Like a drum beating the charge!» 50

§133
· Increasing components
Theory

Let us give high value components for the problem rb[Nature~temple], which is a collision since the rapprochement of ideas has an obvious framework plus a broad tension. Even if the question is favoured by the context, it also uses properly the internal opposition which is so effective for many oddities. Let us choose a porterage starting thus: “L'absolu est un temple/////où (de) vivants piliers laissent parfois sortir (de) confuses paroles. (La)/////Nature fait passer l'homme au travers de ses apparences en des forêts de symboles…” (The absolute is a temple where living pillars let forth at times confused words. Nature lets man pass through its appearances in forests of symbols…) For rb[Nature~temple] the hoard gives 1/tsmw= 1/(1)(1)(1)(1)=1 while the interruption in thought makes the dispenser gradient 1/qepfzgj=1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(2.8) (1)(2)=0.044, which is negligible. We have q=e=1 from the trace-terms; p=2 as the text is discreet. For the channel t=1 because of the linking «est» (is) in the original and f=2 for the porterage in which two levels of reality are supposed; s=1 and z=3, the (s) coming from the unity, the (z) from the division and from the 10 fronts separating the terms; finally m=1, g=1, w=1, j=2 because in both situations the ideas are difficult to understand.

Method

The distinction between collision and non-collision problem glosses proves decisive for the slides since we never have g=j=1 for problems which are not collisions, the case ((g)(j))=2 thus being the minimum level attainable. This compensates for the fact that it is easier to conclude that a problem is raised: there is no need for a clear paradox, and the neighbouring terms are taken into greater consideration.

Application to Baudelaire

The porterage used here needs some justification, but an expert on Balzac and Poe should have been able to write something like that -and much better. Upheld by his audacious combinations of ideas, poetic discernment led him to skilfully cross several themes to give a new text from two previous ones [671].

§134
· Lowering a gradient’s peg
Theory

Concerning vb[incense~senses] in the attenuation of rb[corrupt~incense], the reduction in the peg and the spacing must go with increased intuitive perception. A porterage will be used, ending: “…amber, musk, benzoin and incense which sing of the senses and of the mind in its transports.” There is a strict link then between “senses” and “incense” while “transports” is slightly effaced. A gradient of 2(1/(1)(1)(2)(1)(1) (1)(1))=1 replaces 2(1/qepfzgj)=2(1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(2.4)(1)(1))=0.208. Once the hindrance to the meaning constituted by «transports» is removed, it becomes practically impossible to deduce that the organs or the relations of sensitivity are linked by the ideas of the poem to the negative judgement on the appearance of the corrupt perfumes, only by their transports and not in their ordinary functions.

Method

The vocabulary of the interpreter only rarely suffices to describe a text rapidly as by choosing speed, the representations of the views we are trying to serve, are always simplified.

Application to Baudelaire

Thus if the perfumes of drunkenness are labelled negative, the author’s thoughts run the risk of being misrepresented. He could discern the merits of the troubles themselves, from the most ordinary to the most difficult to produce. He appears to have correctly summed up a famous person of the time in the Faubourg du Temple, a ragman who, being often drunk around eleven in the evening, thought he was directing an army, gesticulating and ordering like a commander, excited by being under fire in spite of being used to it [14]-[672]-[[1147]] in Index II (Poems)">[[1147]]. Corruption is so close to strength of spirit that one may become the other. In a work known to schoolboys at Baudelaire’s time, Plutarch describes how a hero turns one type of transport into another [449]-[596]-[790]: «…he directed their love for luxury and elegance in the most happy way. They could not be quite cured of an ancient disease, the vain and frivolous emulation of riches: they loved beautiful clothes, purple carpets, rivalled in lavishness at table, in their meals…he inspired in them the passion…to reserve the pursuit of luxury for the embellishment of their soldiers’ and warriors’ dress…the wealth of arms strengthens and increases courage, such as with Homer’s Achilles who, as soon as he sets eyes on his new battle armour, is exalted and inflamed at the thought of putting it to use.»

§135
· Increasing a gradient’s peg
Theory

The peg and the spacing for vb[piliers~forêts] when rb[Nature~temple] is considered, can be increased by transferring the second part of the first quatrain to the end of the text, after the tercets, this time retaining the “y” (there) after “L'homme” (man). The gradient goes from 2(1/qepfzgj)=2(1/(1)(1)(2)(1)(1) (1)(1))=1 to 2(1/q’e’p’f’z’g’j’)=2(1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(7.9)(1)(1))=0.063 as there are now 59 fronts between “forêts” and “piliers” and 2+(1(59/10))=2+5.9=7.9.

Method

The amount obtained in the dispenser is close to 0.062, the threshold of the rivet, which leads us to think that inevitably while 0.063 is allowed here, 0.061 would on the contrary be rejected in another case. A numerical threshold often seems to accompany an oversimplifïcation, but as it cannot really be considered of no use, we can only recognize the slightly conventional aspect of the knowledge process.

Application to Baudelaire

With the same components q, e, p, f, g, j but with a spacing of 8.4 this time going with the distance “Nature-forêts”, the gradient would have been 0.059 even though “Nature” and “piliers” are from the same line. The Baudelairean impressions of an almost physical contact with the meaning of reality remind us of these lines [[1087]] in Index II (Poems)">[[1087]]: «When, with eyes closed, on a hot autumn evening,
I breathe the scent of your warm breast,
I can see happy shores spreading out before me,
Dazzled by the fires of a monotonous sun…»

§136
· Reducing a gradient’s spacing
Theory

By using a porterage beginning “La Nature est un temple; parfums, couleurs et sons se répondent…” (Nature is a temple. Perfumes, colours and sounds answer each other…), it is possible to weaken the spacing for an attenuation of rb[Nature~temple] such as vb[Nature~parfums¹] vb[parfums¹~ temple] (Nature-Perfumes, Perfumes-temple) and for its reinforcement which is identical in type and also has a sum gradient, vb[Nature~couleurs] vb[couleurs~temple] (Nature-colours, colours-temple). The partial plausibilities go from 1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(5.7)(1)(1)=0.043 to 1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(2.2)(1)(1)=0.113 for vb[Nature~ parfums¹] (Nature-Perfumes); from 1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(5.5)(1)(1) to 1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(2)(1)(1) or from 0.045 to 0.125, for vb[parfums¹~temple] (Perfumes-temple); overall from (0.043+0.045)=0.088 to (0.113+0.125)=0.238 for vb[Nature~parfums¹] vb[parfums¹~temple] (Nature-Perfumes, Perfumes-temple). With the other attenuation, the reinforcement exterior spacing must be counted if the calculations are to be accurate; apart from this the changes are similar. To obtain the ell of the smallest plateau containing the attenuation with reinforcement, the exterior spacing of the attenuated gloss rb[Nature~temple] must be used. However, the passage from one gradient to another, from 0.088 to 0.238 gives, for the attenuation itself without the reinforcement or the attenuation exterior spacing, a good idea of the intuitive advantage of a lesser distance between the terms.

Method

The reinforcements can continue with two new sum gradient glosses, followed by two more, then two more, if the text provides the means.

Application to Baudelaire

In this way vb[Nature~Perfumes] vb[Perfumes~temple] is reinforced by vb[Nature~colours] vb[colours~temple], but afterwards, the same first pair will see for example vb[Nature~sounds] vb[sounds~temple] used to their advantage whenever required. Each time the gradient is a sum gradient and is added, divided by the spacings, to the values of the first attenuation pair. Tenuous thoughts sometimes create a less fragile impression. Baudelaire scatters clues to the workings of his mind, avoiding any system but still giving a direction to his thoughts. In one remarkable piece of writing, he provides at the beginning and end of the work the means of realizing a paradox, that may also not be noticed since the two elements in the poem are separated [[1033]] in Index II (Poems)">[[1033]]: «Above the lakes, above the valleys,
Over mountains, woods, clouds, seas,
Beyond the sun, beyond the heavens,
Beyond the bounds of the starry spheres,

My spirit, how nimbly you move… Happy the man who on vigorous wings
Can take flight to the bright clear fields;

The man whose thoughts, like the larks,
Towards the skies in morning fly high,
-Who soars over life, and understands effortlessly…» the beauties that the earth shows in the lowest and humblest way, in flowers with their eloquent symbols.

§137
· Increasing a gradient’s slide
Theory

Let us imagine a porterage beginning “The foundation of beings, Nature, is something where real entities let forth at times activities seen by the absolute man through their appearances as forests of symbols which observe him with familiar eyes.” This will give for the gloss rb[Nature~man], the gradient 1/ (1)(1)(2)(1)(1)(2)(2) instead of 1/qepfzgj=1/(1)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(2) with g’=2 as a result when g=1. For the hoard, the idea that perhaps man passes like a stranger through the "temple-Nature" means that the difficulty has a certain strength without being in any way a paradox, an oddity, a collision. In the dispenser the relations seem to have been sorted out so that it is debatable whether any problem is raised. The passage from ¼ to ⅛ therefore clearly describes the intuitive difference.

Method

It is not easy to know to which of the slides, g or j, to apply the 2 in the case of a minimum obstacle to an agreement on rb(A~E), but it is sufficient to look at the general tendency of the work and, if hesitant, put the 2 wherever the obscurities have the least weight. It is when the problem is the most insignificant that it is most difficult to state a problem exists.

Application to Baudelaire

Of course the context of the poem makes it possible to invent reasons for it being impossible to understand many things, but in spite of this, the meaning of «echoes», «meadows» and «man» in particular is unlikely to be obscure. 52

§138
· Slides 1
Theory

The slides of the neutral gloss ob[echoes~mingle] can reach 1 if répondent-confondent, the bridge for the meaning, is severed by a porterage with a second stanza: “Certainly long echoes mingle in the distance, but, with difficulty, since they overstep the barriers of perception, in a dark and profound unity, vast as the night and as the light, perfumes, colours and sounds answer each other.” In this case the use of vb[echoes~mingle] for rb[sounds~answer], rb[Perfumes~answer] and rb[colours~answer] is rendered less effective and so the gradient for ob[echoes~mingle] in the hoard, 1/qepfzgj=1/(1)(1)(2)(1)(1)(2)(2)=⅛, becomes 1/q’e’p’f’z’g’j’=1/(1)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1)=½ in the dispenser. With the porterage the intuition changes as much as the measurement and we almost reach the level of a statement, with no description of any clarification or problem. Some difficulties remain in the background but can hardly be seen as hindering the understanding of the poem: thus an example of the minor difficulties are the long echoes. Should they not be taken as reflections rather than in the literal sense?

Method

Ill-defined questions thus create a haze of vagueness round the most visible meaning of works in which imagination is more important than exactness. On the other hand, when verification of the meaning based on appearances dominates, the number of buffers increases, there are fewer peaks and so many examples are accompanied by knowledge-based applications.

Application to Baudelaire

The author realized the advantage of fighting against the severity that accompanies reason: it can lead to poetic strokes of good fortune. However he was also aware of the disadvantages of going too far in disorganizing ideas and so he sought out frameworks of thought to give him access to his potential readers, two traditional ones springing to his mind so that, speaking to his imagination, the inner muse, he utters this wish [13]-[194]-[829]-[[1084]] in Index II (Poems)">[[1084]]: «I wish that breathing the scent of health
Your breast with great thoughts would ever be filled,
And your Christian blood flow in rhythmic waves

Like the numerous sounds of ancient syllables,
Where reign in turn the father of song,
Phœbus Apollo, and the great Pan, lord of the harvest.»

§139
· Modification of an ell
Theory

The variations in carousels and ells must also be tested to determine the value of the new measurements since the gradients might carry out their functions while the other degrees of plausibility were not regularly following the intuitive aspects of the text. We will try first with the reinforcement of vb[N~ paroles] (N-words) attenuating the problem rb[piliers~paroles] (pillars-words): changing the carver (q) should modify the intuition as well as giving a different carousel. To start with we have 2(1/(2)(1)(2)(2)(2.9) (1)(1)) for vb[N~paroles] at the same time as imagining that vb[N~Nature], which is capable of reinforcing the first gloss vb[N~paroles], is similarly modified in its carver relating to N. So 2(1/(2)(1)(2)(2)(2.9)(1)(1)) and 2(1/(2)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1)) are the respective gradients of vb[N~paroles], vb[N~Nature] because in this case N gives us q=q’=2; the term e=e’=1; the silence p=p’=2; the insufficient relationship f=2, z=2.9; and the satisfactory one f’=1=z’. Finally the reference to the symbols observing man provides the stratum. With a porterage “L'être absolu, la Nature, est une immensité dont le réel entier fait le contenu, donc aussi tel temple où l'homme passe…” (The absolute being, Nature, is an immensity of which the whole of reality is the content, comprising therefore any temple where man passes…) In this case “absolu” represents the meaning of N without belonging to a collision and the first carvers can be valued as q=q’=1. The channel for rb[piliers~paroles] is 1/(1)(1)(1)(1) and the exterior spacings of the collision and the two attenuation glosses are k=2.9 and k’=1. The reinforcement distance is k’’=2.9. The calculation of both ells is straightforward, 1/ (1)(1)(1)(1)((2(1/(2)(1)(2)(2)(2.9)(2.9)(1)(1)))+(2(1/(2)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(2.9)(1)(1)))), in the hoard, but 1/(1)(1)(1) (1)((2(1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(2.9)(2.9)(1)(1)))+(2(1/(1)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(2.9)(1)(1)))) for the dispenser. So (1/33.6)+(1/5.8)=0.201 in the hoard has been doubled in the dispenser, giving (1/16.8)+ (1/2.9)=0.403 which reflects the value of the reference to the very depths of things, if the business of the words needs attenuating.

Method

Unless the context is carefully analysed when discussing the pivots miscalculations will ensue.

Application to Baudelaire

In a porterage beginning “Great Nature is a temple…”, “Great” gives a satisfactory meaning to the N, even if this word does not help very much in understanding the first line. A creator arranges his work so that patience is often required to seek out and enjoy some of the finer touches, while avoiding being only carried away by the enthusiasm of the moment or entertained by some of the more dazzling contents. Since these diversions may remain substantial even in the eyes of experts who look beyond trends and fashions, they may long hide the rest [421]-[[1048]] in Index II (Poems)">[[1048]]: «Many a jewel sleeps buried
In the darkness of oblivion,
Far from picks and probes;

Many a flower sheds with regret
Its perfume soft like a secret
In the depths of solitude.»

§140
· Weakening a pole and other components
Theory

To weaken a pole and other components, we can invent two covers in which the quatrains come after the tercets with, in the second, a considerable modification at the point of the link between the newly disposed units: “(La) question pour (d')autres parfums ayant (l')expansion (des) choses infinies, comme (l')ambre, (le) musc, (le) benjoin (et) (l')encens qui chantent (les) transports (de) (l')esprit (et) (des) sens est (de) savoir s'ils (sont) corrompus, riches (et) triomphants. Or (la) Nature est (un) temple…” (The question for other perfumes having the expansion of infinite things, like amber, musk, benzoin and incense which sing of the transports of the mind and the senses is to know whether they are corrupt, rich and triumphant. Now Nature is a temple…) Let us examine an interpretation, which hardly conforms to tradition, with vb[corrompus~Nature] (corrupt-Nature) reinforcing vb[corrompus~sens] (corrupt-senses) in the attenuation of rb[corrompus~encens] (corrupt-incense). The channel of the collision to be clarified for the second cover alone is reduced to 1/(2)(1)(1)(1) since because of the question, as the degree of relationship falls, it pushes the rank up to 2. The gradients, 1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(3.5)(1)(1) and 1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(2.4)(1)(1) with the stratum of “transports” for the two covers, concerning vb[corrompus~sens] are appropriate. The other attenuation takes the gradient 1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(3.6)(1)(1) for the first cover with “confuses paroles” (confused words) as stratum. In the second cover the question and apparent reply give the gradient 1/(1)(1)(1)(1)(1) (1)(1) for the same attenuation vb[corrompus~Nature] as the two terms now seem firmly attached to each other. The exterior spacing between the attenuations hardly changes: 3.6 for the first cover, 2.8 for the second. The exterior spacings regarding the problem differ a little more: for the first cover from vb[corrompus~sens] to rb[corrompus~encens] we get 3.5 and for the second 2.9 counting two fronts for “s'ils” but not counting “sont” (are); the relation between vb[corrompus~Nature] and rb[corrompus~encens] gives 3.6 without the question and 1 with. Overall the first cover produces a carousel of 2(1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(3.5) (1)(1))+2(1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(3.6)(3.6)(1)(1)) and the second 2(1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(2.4)(1)(1))+2(1/(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(2.8) (1)(1)) which is (1/7)+(1/25.92)=0.18 without the interrogation, and (1/4.8)+(1/1.4)=0.922 with it. This would appear to represent the intuitive advantage of the question-answer link. However, when the ell has to be calculated, a weakening occurs because the channel of rb[corrompus~encens] has been somewhat whittled down in the second cover. The whole picture is on the one hand 1/(1)(1)(1)(1) ((2(1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(3.5) (3.5)(1)(1)))+(2(1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(3.6)(3.5)(3.6)(1)(1))))=1((1/24.5)+(1/90.72))=0.051 with the first made-up text and 1/(2)(1)(1)(1)((2(1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(2.4)(2.9)(1)(1)))+(2(1/(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(2.8)(1)(1))))=½((1/13.92)+(1/1.4)) =½(0.785)=0.392 with the other, the one with the question.

Method

The second cover’s advantage comes from the restructuring introduced by reasoning through the intuitive contacts produced and so by the distances that have disappeared from the measurements.

Application to Baudelaire

Baudelaire could not put forward in his poetry a difficulty like that of the second cover but he knew from the study of the works of others, writings or pictures, how to create this type of questioning while letting imagination dominate in his thoughts.

§141
· Increasing a peg and a spacing
Theory

A peg and a spacing for ob[Vaste~unité] (Vast-unity) reinforcing ob[ténébreuse~unité] (dark-unity) can be increased by transforming the second quatrain: “Dans la ténébreuse/////immensité de longs échos, (Les) parfums, (les) couleurs (et) (les) sons se répondent. Vaste/////unité, nuit et clarté se confondent!” (In the dark immensity of long echoes, Perfumes, colours and sounds answer each other. Vast unity, night and light mingle!) Thus the links between “ténébreuse” (dark) and “unité” (unity) are more tenuous than in the original text but those between “Vaste” (Vast) and “unité” (unity) remain powerful. The result for ob[Vaste~unité] (Vast-unity) is a gradient of 1/(1)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1)=0.5, the same in both dispenser and hoard. This view is so imprecise as to pose no substantial problem and clarifies nothing. The other description of a neutral relationship, ob[ténébreuse~unité] (dark-unity), gives 0.5 from 1/(1)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1) in the hoard, as it is shielded from bad slides by its excessive vagueness, and in the dispenser it is only 1/ (1)(1)(2)(2)(3)(1)(1)=0.083. The exterior spacing is 1 for the actual text but reaches 2+(1(10/10))=3 with the porterage and so the carousels are as follows: (1/(1)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1))+(1/(1)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1))=(0.5+0.5) =1 and (1/(1)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1))+(1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(3)(3)(1)(1))=½+1/36=0.527. Failure to recall terms also causes the level of intuition to be greatly reduced and a halving of the initial result seems acceptable.

Method

The modest nature of the slides confirms the principle that widening the meaning prevents it from clarifying anything.

Application to Baudelaire

Baudelaire does not extend very much the significance of the words he uses because he attempts to divert it from old ways, but he admires blurred thinking, sincerely and also as a way of avoiding lassitude, as even the spice of energetic reflection should be accompanied by floral tenderness when the aim is to achieve beauty. Believing himself to be often exhausted, it is through the gentle reorganization of countless musings into some audacious perception which later he will refute, and moved by a new surge of creative inspiration, he writes [[1035]] in Index II (Poems)">[[1035]]: «Now I have touched the autumn of ideas,
And I must use the spade and the rake
To gather together again the flooded lands
Where the water has dug holes deep as tombs.

And who knows if the new flowers of which I dream
Will find in this ground, washed like the strand,
The mystic nourishment for them to flourish?»

§142
· Lowering a peg for an ell
Theory

For vb[répondent~parfums¹] (answer-Perfumes) we will reduce one peg and the distance when this gloss reinforces vb[chantent~parfums¹] (sing-Perfumes) in the attenuation of rb[corrompus~encens] (corrupt-incense). The porterage will use “parlent des” (speak) instead of «chantent» (sing) in the last line and will use “chantent” alongside “répondent”: “…toutes les activités du réel spontané chantent, ainsi les parfums¹, les couleurs et les sons se répondent.” (…all the activities of spontaneous reality sing, thus Perfumes, colours and sounds answer each other.) The hoard gradients, with «répondent» (answer) and «chantent» acting as strata for the glosses in which they do not occur, are 2(1/(1)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1)) for vb[répondent~parfums¹] (answer-Perfumes) and 2(1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(5)(1)(1)) for vb[chantent ~parfums¹] (sing- Perfumes), taking «parfums» (Perfumes) in the eighth line. The exterior spacing toward rb[corrompus~ encens] is 4.8 in each of the attenuations and the one between the two clarification glosses is 5. In this way the hoard ell is 1/(1)(1)(1)(1)((2(1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(5)(4.8)(1)(1)))+(2(1/(1)(1)(2)(1)(1)(4.8)(5)(1)(1))))=0.02+0.041 =0.061. In the dispenser, vb[répondent~parfums¹] gives an unchanged gradient of 1/(1)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1) while vb[chantent~parfums¹] reaches the same amount. The exterior spacing between attenuations is limited to 1, and from rb[corrompus~encens] is 4.8 for the gloss with “répondent” and 5 for the other gloss because “chantent” is further from “encens” than “parfums” in the porterage. Overall the dispenser ell is 1/(1)(1)(1)(1)((2(1/(1)(1)(2)(1)(1)(5)(1)(1)))+(2(1/(1)(1)(2)(1)(1)(4.8)(1)(1)(1))))=1/5+1/4.8=0.2+0.208=0.408, which is almost seven times the ell in the hoard, showing numerically the intuitive advantage of the porterage.

Method

The device formed by the bases in the text for the exterior spacings seems strange at first sight since it is difficult to imagine that the creator would distinguish one from the other but our thought processes are here in danger of being restricted by the view that knowledge implies constant adhesion to the absolute reality.

Application to Baudelaire

We rather tend to seek what is related to appearances. It seems here in particular that the spacing measurements are roughly correct since Baudelaire appears to separate «sing» from «answer» to avoid any insistence. As the son of someone who had been a priest, he must have thought of «answer» when he wrote «sing» further on, remembering the responses of the liturgy spoken in temples. His metaphysical hesitation or his provocative nature linked to his rejection of social disciplines, do not prevent him from addressing the divinity to define his works of beauty, contrastingly born in evil, with words loaded with ambiguity [[1008]] in Index II (Poems)">[[1008]]: «I know that pain is the unique nobility
Which will remain unbitten by earth or hell,
And that to weave my mystic crown
I must tax all times and all worlds.

But the lost jewels of ancient Palmyra,
The unknown metals, the pearls from the sea,
Mounted by your hand, could not suffice
For this dazzling diadem, beautiful and clear;

For it will be made of pure light alone,
Drawn from the holy hearth of primeval rays,
Of which mortal eyes, in their full glory,
Are but darkened mirrors, plaintive and sorrowful!»

§143
· Increasing a peg for a carousel or ell
Theory

The increase of a peg and certain distances in the case of ob[loin~échos] (far-echoes) when this gloss reinforces ob[longs~échos] is possible with a porterage having a second stanza as follows: “Pour qui se trouve loin/////(d')un paysage, (les) parfums¹, (les) couleurs (et) (les) sons se répondent. Dans (une) ténébreuse (et) profonde unité, Vaste comme (la) nuit et (comme) (la) clarté, (de) longs/////échos se confondent.” (For he who finds himself far from a landscape, Perfumes, colours and sounds answer each other. In a dark and deep unity, vast as the night and as the light, long echoes mingle.) The gloss reinforced with “longs” keeps its original gradient of 1/(1)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1), but the other with “loin”, which reinforces the first, becomes 1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(3.7)(1)(1) in the dispenser instead of 1/(1)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1) with the non modified text. The hoard carousel for an exterior spacing of 1 is 1/(1)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1)+1/(1)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1) (1)=1 but the exterior spacing becomes 3.7 in the dispenser and the gradient falls to 1/(1)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1)+ 1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(3.7)(3.7)(1)(1)=½+1/54.76=0.5+0.018=0.518. The lower number, 0.518 instead of 1, matches the recent intuitive difficulty.

Method

The carousels in the present case can also be called plateaux. It is for attenuation glosses that a reinforcement would mean an effective absence of plateau since neither the problem gloss nor the two exterior spacings linking it to the attenuations would be counted.

Application to Baudelaire

The passage used as an example here invites us to dream about mountains and forests and meadows. If a means of understanding the symbolism of pastures had to be found, we could think of even temper, of the fruits of plenty received with no fear, with peace of mind. Zeus, according to a myth referred to by Plato, decides that the judges of the dead [724]«…will pass sentence in the meadow…» Homer himself, who Baudelaire studied so much with his teachers, could suggest that in the face of death, subsidiary prejudice fades away in such places [455]-[595]: «…the souls of the claimant lords hastened up…the god of health, Hermes, led them along the damp roads; they went away, following the course of Oceanus: passing the White Rock, the gates of the Sun and the land of Dreams, they were soon in the Plain of Asphodel, where live the shades, ghosts of the departed…» There they tell their fate, recalling the old enemy, Ulysses, whose wife they desired as much as the succession and who finally decimated them [456]«He aimed forwards: we fell side by side! it was evident that a god was guiding his blows.» Plato uses different images about a similar idea: «the Plain of Truth» provides the needs of the horse of the mind; he writes that in particular [733]«…food suitable for the best of the soul comes from the meadow found there…» The interpreter, whether mistaken or not, will see the various references to grass or horses that can be evoked from this starting point interweaving with each other in many ways. Socrates recounts the myth sitting in a place he describes thus [731]: «…this lawn is the most exquisite refinement, the natural smoothness of its slope allowing the head to recline perfectly at ease when lying down.» Much later and in a different context, the Book of Revelation will mention a «white horse» as the tool of a justice made for the kingdom [160]- [162].

§144
· Reducing spacings for a carousel or ell
Theory

It is easy to reduce the spacings without changing any other components with a porterage beginning its first tercet: “Existe-t-il des parfums frais? Comme les prairies? Il en est de frais comme des chairs d'enfants…” (Are there cool perfumes? Like meadows? There are cool ones like the flesh of children…) In the hoard we find the carousel 1/(1)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1)+1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(2.8)(2.8)(1)(1)=½+1/31.36=0.5+0.031= 0.531 for the reinforcement of ob[frais~enfants] (cool-children) by ob[frais~prairies] (cool-meadows). The dispenser gives a higher value: 1/(1)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1)+1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1)=½+¼=¾=0.75. Our intuition is apparently backed up by the calculation since the porterage links more strongly than the original the traces “prairies” and “frais”.

Method

The relation between (f) and (z) appears as decisive as that linking (t) to (s) in spite of the absence of any word specifically designating the equivalent of the obvious framework concerning the glosses.

Application to Baudelaire

The questions in the porterage harm the relationship between “meadows” and “cool”, pushing (f) up to 2 but the extremely clear follow through of meaning keeps (z) down at 1. The evocation of the coolness of the perfumes suggests that the rose in particular produces this type of scent, but it is rather dangerous to come to any such hasty conclusion. Emile Deschanel, as Claude Pichois points out, described the talents of his old classmate, for many surprisingly the future creator of „Correspondences“, in a way that invites reflection. On the theme of death inflicted by roses he by far exceeded the talents of the best of his fellow pupils [601]-[943]: «The subject lent itself, and he turned it to good account…Baudelaire worked wonders with it, composed the most brilliant latin verse, developed the most dazzling embellishments.» Many details are thus given on the composition: «It was the particular torture devised by a roman Caesar to rid himself of those he feared: he invited them to supper and they accepted. During the feast, a few rose petals fell gently from the cracks in the roof. What beautiful, gracious rain…What a charming idea! They were enchanted, applauded…a shower of roses on their brows, in their goblets, on the tables. The guests, covered in roses, drank the health of Caesar…And the roses still rained down, harder and harder…Gradually the heaps of roses on the wooden floor piled imperceptibly higher: the people carried on eating, drinking, laughing, talking; the roses spread over the tables and beds of the feast…were already covering the guests…who began to wonder…They looked at each other…Caesar had disappeared…Some of them began to get worried, got up, tried to leave…the doors were closed! The deluge of rose leaves went on falling, reached up to the guests’heads…piled higher and higher…and slowly smothered them: they died under the piles of roses which little by little touched the ceiling!» 56

§145
· Increasing spacings for an ell
Theory

We will keep the «y» (there) of the present first quatrain in a porterage while placing the third and fourth lines just before the tercets in order to increase some spacings concerning the reinforcement of vb[Nature~symboles] by vb[piliers~symboles], with a view to an attenuation of rb[forêts~symboles]. The collision retains its gradient 1/tsmw=1/(1)(1)(2)(1)=½. The gloss vb[Nature~symboles] goes from 2(1/qepfzgj)=2(1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(3.5)(1)(1)) to 2(1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(5.5)(1)(1)) since to the fronts giving 3.5 must be added the twenty from the second quatrain; so, 15+20=35 and 2+(1(15/10))=3.5 while 2+(1(35/10))=5.5. The other attenuation gloss vb[piliers~symboles] which reinforces the previous one gives a modest gradient, for the calculation of the ell: 2(1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(3)(1)(1)) in the hoard, then 2(1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(5)(1)(1)) for the dispenser with the twenty extra fronts resulting in (z) going from 3 to 5. In both cases the stratum comes from the mention of the natural temple since in a sanctuary symbols are not surprising. The three exterior spacings in the hoard, one for the reinforcement, and two for the attenuation relationships, are 3.5 with vb[Nature~symboles] rb[forêts~symboles], 3 for vb[piliers~symboles] rb[forêts~symboles], and again 3.5 with vb[Nature~symboles] vb[piliers~symboles]. Thus the dispenser for the counterparts of these relationships gives respectively 5.5, 5 and 5.5. The hoard ell is 1/(1)(1)(2)(1)((2(1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(3.5)(3.5)(1) (1)))+(2(1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(3)(3)(3.5)(1)(1)))) which is ½((1/24.5)+(1/63))=0.027. The dispenser is a third of this: 1/(1)(1)(2)(1)((2(1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(5.5)(5.5)(1)(1)))+(2(1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(5)(5)(5.5)(1)(1)))) or ½((1/60.5)+(1/275))= 0.009. This calculation transcribes the weakening of links resulting from the slightly more tenuous recollection of the terms used in the first line when understanding the others.

Method

The fact that the interior and exterior spacings may be equal in some cases does not mean that a single rough value is sufficient for a full calculation as this would make it worthless.

Application to Baudelaire

As we count 5 fronts more starting from «Nature» than starting from «piliers» the numbers we get are 3 and 3.5 or 5 and 5.5. The theme of "pillars-legs" frequently found in works joking about love suggests an interpretation of the sonnet as the blazon of the female body [173]-[174]. The few examples of this image being used for a man will be less likely to stop us following this path than its lack of plausibility in the case of an author whose tone concerning those he desires or reveres at one moment, even when his amusement comes through, often retains the marks of anxiety [139]-[[1102]] in Index II (Poems)">[[1102]]«We will put our pride to singing her praises:
Nothing excels the sweetness of her will;
Her spiritual flesh has the scent of Angels,
And her eye invests us with a cloak of light.» The almost permanent acknowledgement of pain prevents the whole collection from being facile [[1043]] in Index II (Poems)">[[1043]]: «Sometimes it seems my blood spurts forth
Like the rhythmic sobs of a fountain.
I hear it clearly flowing with a long murmur,
But I feel myself in vain to find the wound.» Any lightweight remarks are frozen by impending danger so that a sense of burden lies heavy even in references to the caprices of the loved one [[1058]] in Index II (Poems)">[[1058]]: «See on these canals
Sleep these vessels
Whose mood is wandering;
It is to gratify
Your least desire
That they come from the ends of the world.»

§146
· Use of covers for variations in spacings
Theory

Let us use different spacings in two covers for ob[Nature~clarté] reinforcing ob[Nature~nuit] (Nature/ light, night). In one of the versions the beginning will be: “La Nature/////est (un) temple où (de) vivants piliers, dans (une) ténébreuse (et) profonde unité vaste comme (la) nuit et (comme) (la)/////clarté, laissent parfois sortir de confuses paroles…” (Nature is a temple where living pillars, in a dark and profound unity, vast as the night and as the light, let forth at times confused words…) The carousel for the first cover will be (1/qepfzgj)+(1/q’e’p’f’z’kg’j’) or ((1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(3.1)(1)(1))+(1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(3.3)(3.3)(1)(1)))=((1/12.4)+ (1/43.56))=0.102. In the other cover we will put “La Nature,/////dans (une) clarté profonde où (les) vivants piliers (d')(un) temple font (une) ténébreuse unité vaste comme (la)/////nuit, laisse parfois sortir de confuses paroles…” (Nature, in a profound light where the living pillars of a temple make a dark unity vast as the night, lets forth at times confused words…) The carousel is then ((1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(3.2)(1)(1))+(1/(1)(1)(2)(1)(1) (3.2)(1)(1)))=((1/12.8)+(1/6.4))=0.234. Our calculation is backed by the intuition owing to the lesser obstacle to the recollection of the terms in the case of the second cover.

Method

The riveting renders some usages impossible in the case of distant terms, making the use of covers irrelevant.

Application to Baudelaire

The distance “Nature- clarté” (Nature-light) which is 36 fronts in the actual text gives 2+(1(36/10))=5.6 which is far too much with p=2=f, since (2)(2)(5.6)=22.4 which is 6.4 more than the value of 16 whose inverse 0.062 is the riveting threshold. The bucolic atmosphere of some terms in „Correspondences“ evokes elementary things, echoes, meadows, light, night and so reminds us of a poem that the seventeen-year old Baudelaire brought back from a trip to the Pyrenees [599]-[[1134]] in Index II (Poems)">[[1134]]: «…beyond the hills,
Beyond the forests, beyond the greensward,
Far from the last turf trodden by the flocks,
Is found a dark lake deep-set in the abyss
Formed by a few desolate and snowy peaks…» The young man already had the feeling for contrast, for pain hidden behind a pleasant appearance, but the rhythmic jangle of the words is not yet present and there is no hint of a challenge to generally accepted ideas; he had not yet spoken thus to the universe of pleasure [[1070]] in Index II (Poems)">[[1070]]: «Let dry Plato frown with narrowed eye;
Your pardon comes from the excess of your kisses…»

§147
· Increasing slides for a carousel or ell
Theory

A porterage is necessary to break any evidence of a link when increasing two slides in the reinforcement of ob[long~echoes] by ob[distance~echoes], for example with a second quatrain as follows: “In a dark and profound unity, vast as the night and as the light, like long echoes by their proximity make a chorus, perfumes, colours and sounds answer each other, and in the distance mingle like them.” The hoard carousel is (1/(1)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1))+(1/(1)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1))=1 with the author being so discreet as to give neither any convincing clarification nor any problem from this. For its part the dispenser carousel is (1/(1)(1) (2)(1)(1)(1)(1))+(1/(1)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(2)(2))=½+⅛=0.625 as problems from all sides are raised about the meaning of ob[distance~echoes] from the indistinctness concerning the chorus and the confusion of voices. The loss of the value 0.375 thus describes the obscuring of links prejudicial to the lines in question.

Method

The role of the context is at its least important in the case of collisions since they must contain a difficulty of their own, but even then it must not be disregarded; in other cases it exerts considerable pressure on the value of the components.

Application to Baudelaire

To destroy the evidence of ob[distance~echoes] by blurring the interplay of ideas concerning one of the traces is indeed to show the strength of the surroundings of each word on the idea it eventually represents.

§148
· Lowering a slide for a carousel or ell
Theory

It is easy to lower a slide in the calculation of the plausibility of rb[rich~amber] helping rb[rich~musk] by adding a porterage like “…and others, corrupt, covered in splendour, rich and triumphant as amber…” At present «corrupt» is not sufficient, even accompanied by «triumphant», to conclusively push into the background the idea that the scent of the perfumes in question is composed of many elements and so contains abundance not like a man with a huge fortune but like a product. In fact «rich» here is the point of meeting of the two meanings, the literal and the figurative, and so accentuation is needed to change the direction, while the other words «triumphant» and «corrupt» need no assistance in leading to the idea of comparing with human things. In these conditions the hoard carousel has the appropriate level since neither the first nor the second gloss, rb[rich~amber] and rb[rich~musk], are tensions: (1/(1)(1)(2)(1)(1)(2) (1))+(1/(1)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(2)(1))=¼+¼=½. The change creates further disruption thus further justifying the idea of a difficulty, giving: (1/(1)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1))+(1/(1)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1))=½+½=1.

Method

The tandem device allows us to conceive that the broad tensions become collisions through some close relationship with a violent clash like in a whirlwind of meanings where the influences are uncontrolled, but for this it is still necessary to have a series of paradoxes creating a sort of relay capable of overcoming the acceptable meaning of many passages.

Application to Baudelaire

The contrast between the terms «corrupt» and «incense» is immediately understood while a different link is established between the ideas of «rich» and «incense» since the aroma of the perfume is complex in addition to its prestige. The dangers of incense have provided moralists with an interesting subject. Plutarch, so often used by the humanism on which Baudelaire’s education was based, perhaps debated with himself thus [791]: «…our ears and eyes are sick; as a result of the disturbance and weakness of our taste, we are used to finding and declaring beautiful that which suits us best. No doubt we will soon reproach Pythia for not producing more harmonious sounds than Glauke, the singer with the cithara, for going down into the place of prophecy without wearing perfume or purple cloth and for burning, instead of cinnamon, ladanum and incense, only laurel leaves and barley meal.»

§149
· Lowering a carver for a reinforced attenuation
Theory

Let us now consider the attenuations to the same extent as the gloss reinforcements. First the value of 1 will be given to the carver of N in the gradient belonging to vb[N~piliers] which is used to attenuate the problem rb[piliers~paroles] (pillars-words). In a cover “l'être absolu” (the absolute being) will be placed after “Nature” followed by “…offre de vivants piliers en un temple où l'homme passe…” (…offers living pillars in a temple through which man passes…) to represent the N by an acceptable idea quite apart from any collision. The resultant attenuation gradient is 2(1/qepfzgj)=2(1/(1)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1)). In the same cover as well as in another the reinforcement can be favoured by putting a capital T in “Temple”. Thus we have rb[piliers~paroles] clarified by vb[N~piliers], which gloss is reinforced by vb[T~piliers]. With the first cover containing two changes, overall the ell is 0.106=(1/tsmw)((2(1/qepfzkgj))+(2(1/q’e’p’f’z’k’k’’g’j’)))=(1/(1)(1)(1) (1))((2(1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(2.4)(2.9)(1)(1)))+(2(1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(2.2)(2.7)(2.4)(1)(1)))) while the second cover with only one modification is less than half the other ell, being (1/(1)(1)(1)(1))((2(1/(2)(1)(2)(2)(2.4)(2.9)(1)(1)))+ (2(1/(2)(1)(2)(2)(2.2)(2.7)(2.4)(1)(1))))=0.052. The absence of the expression “l'être absolu” and of the accompanying amendments makes vb[T~piliers] less plausible than its equivalent in the first cover since both T and N are clarified by this addition. The stratum for the attenuations comes from the immediate context being in a position to suggest the idea that the characteristics conceivable for “Nature” or “Temple” influence “piliers”.

Method

The extreme proximity means (z) and (k) are between 2 and 3, and such values accurately describe the ease of the associations between adjoining words whose ingratiating style produces many effects.

Application to Baudelaire

The play on capital letters permits this type of turn of phrase in particular by balancing the accentuation without constituting a buffer; if we imagine the beginning “La Nature est un temple…” (Nature is a temple…) and an ending such as “…les transports de l'esprit et des Sens.” (…the transports of the mind and the Senses.), the relationship remains but it does not become possible to prove that the creator was thinking of the “Senses” as part of Nature, or as purveyors of evil spells opposed to the natural world.

§150
· Two covers
Theory

To show the various possibilities of these calculations, let us re-examine an unusual interpretation, in spite of the risk of error. However two covers are needed since the implausibility here means that the gradients are negligible when the real poem is used. In the two imitations the tercets will come before the quatrains and in only one of them the end will be: “…comme l'ambre, le musc, le benjoin et l'encens, amis de ces colonnes formant l'âme du sanctuaire, qui chantent les transports de l'esprit et des sens.” (…like amber, musk, benzoin and incense, friends of these columns forming the soul of the sanctuary, which sing of the transports of the mind and the senses.) In this way we can try to reduce the pole of one of the gradients used to calculate the ell of rb[vivants~piliers] attenuated by vb[transports~piliers], a gloss reinforced by vb[transports~sens]. The first cover, the one with only one amendment, gives an ell of 0.102 being 0.102=(1/tsmw)((2(1/qepfzkgj))+(2(1/q’e’p’f’z’k’k’’g’j’)))=(1/(1)(1)(1)(2))((2(1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(2.7)(2.7)(1) (1)))+(2(1/(1)(1)(2)(1)(1)(2.7)(2.7)(1)(1)))). In the channel, w=2 comes from “forêts” which points to "tree- pillars", taking the edge off the clash with “vivants” (living). The stratum for all the slides can easily be taken from “corrompus” which goes along with the audacious meaning given to “piliers”, no doubt inappropriately. The full-stop after the last term in the tercets breaks the train of thought, giving k’=k’’=2.7 in spite of s=z’=1. The second cover, with more amendments and with the enigma of the pillars whose identity is not expressly indicated, produces an ell which is almost double the other, of 0.205=(1/(1)(1)(1)(2))((2(1/(1)(1)(1)(2)(2.7) (2.7)(1)(1)))+(2(1/(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(2.7)(2.7)(1)(1)))) as the poles have gone from 2 to 1. The contrasts, numerical and intuitive, remain very moderate because of the allusive nature of the ideas introduced in the second cover.

Method

This example shows that the components p, f and z do not always have the same fate; they can avoid it if the indication of a problem, clarification or neutrality is erased to such an extent that no great rigorous influence is felt around it. On the other hand in paragraph 132 we noted that p, f, and z rose simultaneously to 1 owing to the increased constraints of meaning.

Application to Baudelaire

The calculation of plausibility, however imperfect, could sufficiently resemble that of probability to lay it open to the same kind of mistaken idea whenever the danger of a lack of attention arises: the fact that we are unable to reach a level that is calculable for the fantasy of the pillars being seen from the perspective of Eros and have to have recourse to covers, in the case of a commentary coming in a roundabout way to such a flimsy meaning, in no way implies that the creator had not thought of it at all. We consider simply that it is very unlikely that he wanted to suggest this idea to his audience; throwing a double six with dice is very improbable but sometimes happens.

§151
· Increase in rank and in separation of terms
Theory

Within a problem channel, increasing the rank as well as the distance should have a negative effect on the ell of a reinforced attenuation. The porterage “Il existe une Nature/////où (de) vivants piliers laissent parfois sortir (de) confuses paroles. (L')homme passe (à) travers (le)/////temple…” (There exists a Nature where living pillars let forth at times confused words. Man passes through the temple…) allows rb[Nature~ temple] to have the channel 1/(2)(3.1)(1)(1) as against 1/(1)(1)(1)(1) at the start. As a porterage only changes those aspects necessary in the tests used in the calculation, the distances from “Nature” and “temple” to “sons” (sounds), “couleurs” (colours) and “parfums¹” (Perfumes) can be assumed to be the same in the dispenser as in the hoard. We will therefore examine how the ell for rb[Nature~temple] attenuated by vb[Nature~parfums¹] vb[parfums¹~temple] (Nature-Perfumes, Perfumes-temple) is modified, these glosses with sum gradients being reinforced by vb[Nature~couleurs] vb[couleurs~temple] (Nature- colours, colours-temple) and again by vb[Nature~sons] vb[sons~temple] (Nature-sounds, sounds-temple). The total for the hoard is (1/(1)(1)(1)(1))(((1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(5.7)(5.7)(1)(1))+(1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(5.5)(5.7)(1)(1)))+ ((1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(5.8)(5.8)(5.8)(1)(1))+(1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(5.6)(5.8)(5.6)(1)(1)))+((1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(5.9)(5.9)(5.9)(1)(1)) +(1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(5.7)(5.9)(5.7)(1)(1))))=1((0.007+0.007)+(0.001+0.001)+(0.001+0.001))=0.018. As the calculation is only up to three decimal places, certain spacings vary very little in spite of the different distances between the terms used, as from “Nature” to “sons” (Nature-sounds), and from “temple” to “sons” (temple-sounds). It should also be noted that the reinforcement distance with vb[sons~temple] (sounds- temple) is counted with reference to vb[parfums¹~temple] (Perfumes-temple) while [Nature~parfums¹] (Nature-Perfumes) is used for that of vb[Nature~sons] (Nature-sounds). In the dispenser the ell is six times smaller, above all because of the channel: ((1/(2)(3.1)(1)(1))(0.02))=0.003. Indeed, as the problem to be clarified may just have been invented by the interpreter, it is perfectly consistent for the plausibility of the whole plateau to be reduced even if the ideas for the attenuation remain as good as before in themselves.

Method

Commentators frequently imagine for a text not just a new method, which is legitimate since mountains are studied using knowledge which is not an emanation from them, but thoughts that the creator never had in mind and so it is important if the choice of significant glosses is to be accurate, to establish the origin of the thought behind a work in order to distinguish the creator’s thought processes from the well-known ones, however worthy, applied by others, individually or collectively, before, after, or even during his time.

Application to Baudelaire

The theological insights in „Correspondences“ allow us to think that Baudelaire combined prudence with the pleasures of speculation regarding temples and corruption, using intelligent reasoning as well as shocking images, part Celsus, part Tertullian. The former clearly mocks visionaries who overestimate their capacities of speaking precisely of the unknown [183]: «Everywhere they confuse the tree of life with the resurrection of the flesh by wood…» In the face of derision, Tertullian appealed to a meditative paradox playing perhaps on the idea that once the existence of the divinity is accepted, to speak in the absolute of unrealizable things is hardly more than a social attitude [953]: «The Son of God was crucifïed? I am not ashamed because I have to be ashamed. The Son of God is dead? It has to be believed because it is absurd. He was buried, he rose from the dead: this is certain because it is impossible.»

§152
· Variation in spacings for a reinforced attenuation
Theory

It is easy to increase certain distances for vb[répondent~parfums¹] (answer-Perfumes) attenuating rb[Nature~temple] and reinforced by vb[chantent~parfums¹] (sing-Perfumes) when a porterage is used with “Des éléments corrompus” (Corrupt elements) in the eleventh line. The dispenser, with “répondent” and “chantent” as strata for the glosses where they are absent, produces an ell of (1/(1)(1)(1)(1))((2(1/(1) (1)(2)(1)(1)(6.1)(1)(1)))+(2(1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(5)(8.8)(5)(1)(1))))=(1/1)((1/6.1)+(1/(2)(5)(8.8)(5)))=(1)(0.163+0.002) =0.165 the point of view given being that if the perfumes, colours and sounds look like worshippers then “La Nature est un temple…” The hoard is (1/(1)(1)(1)(1))((2(1/(1)(1)(2)(1)(1)(6.1)(1)(1)))+(2(1/(1)(1)(2)(1)(1)(8.8) (1)(1)(1))))=(1)(0.163+0.113)=0.276.

Method

An ambiguity in a clarification does not have a springboard effect on the problem being dealt with. In the same way, if an oscillation (m) is pushed up to 2 by a collision term there is no resulting ricochet giving w=2: two very different grounds are needed, one per term for m=w=2; the force of the context should never lead the interpreter to confuse everything.

Application to Baudelaire

It is certain that «répondent» (answer) is ambiguous in vb(répondent~parfums¹) but «chantent» (sing) is a stratum. On the other hand rb(répondent~parfums¹) makes m=2 precisely because of the indistinctness of «répondent» but this does not lead to w=2 because there is no other equivocal point. It is true that illustrations may provide many, but they must be relegated to the background when they are scrupulously unfavoured by appearances. It is nevertheless possible to imagine, without any interpretative guarantees, that for Baudelaire the corrupt perfumes balance the fresh ones, or that together they dominate the world of feelings, like in the feasts described by Lucretius [513]«These are banquets where the fare and the setting vie with each other in refinement, games, ever brimming dishes, perfumes, crowns, garlands: vain efforts! From the very source of pleasure I know not what bitterness arises which takes the lover by the throat even among the flowers.» However, the fall and death belong to the world like birth [512]: «…the golden harvests come forth, the branches of the trees grow green, and the very trees grow and bear fruit. From here members of both human and animal kingdoms draw their nourishment; from here come the prosperous cities we see, flourishing with children, and the young broods make the leafy forests but a song…Nothing that appears to perish is entirely destroyed, since nature reforms one body with another, and never allows one to be created without assistance from another’s demise.» The reflections of the author of „Correspondences“ on the forces driving the things that move us appear very heterogeneous and he may also have perceived them through the writings of Plotinus [786]: «To ask where these animals come from is to ask where the sky comes from, that is where all that is animal comes from, or even where life, universal life, soul and intelligence come from, in a place where there is neither poverty nor destitution, but where all things are full and bubbling with life. It is like a stream from a single spring; it is not comparable with breath or heat but rather with a unique quality that possesses and preserves all others in itself, to a sweetness that is at the same time a fragrance, in which the flavour of wine is united with all other flavours, and all colours; it has all the qualities sensed by touch, and also all these perceived by the ear, because it is all harmony and all rhythm.»

§153
· Reducing a peg for a reinforced attenuation
Theory

A shorter distance can lower a peg, as in the case of rb[corrompus~piliers] clarified by the gloss vb[corrompus~transports] reinforced by vb[corrompus~sens] (corrupt/pillars, transports, senses). This distance can be obtained through the removal of «Laissent…autres». In the hoard we find (1/qepfzgj) ((2(1/q’e’p’f’z’kg’j’))+(2(1/q’’e’’p’’f’’z’’k’k’’g’’j’’)))=(1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(7)(1)(1))((2(1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(3.3)(8.4)(1)(1))) +(2(1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(3.5)(8.6)(3.5)(1)(1))))=((1/28)((1/55.44)+(1/210.7))), the stratum coming from «musc» for the two attenuations. In the dispenser the ell is very different: (1/(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1))((2(1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(3.3) (3.4)(1)(1)))+(2(1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(3.5)(3.6)(3.5)(1)(1))))=((1/22.44)+(1/88.2))=0.055 and this is greater than the other since the obstacle in question is much more easily seen.

Method

Combining in several ways the terms used by the artist in his quest as much for euphony as for meaning may lead us to the starting point of his thoughts.

Application to Baudelaire

It is possible that the poet had in mind first the long echoes answering each other from afar, and then the perfumes, colours and sounds coming to the stage where their effects mingle: “Comme de longs échos qui de loin se répondent…les parfums¹, les couleurs et les sons se confondent.” (Like long echoes which answer each other in the distance…Perfumes, colours and sounds mingle.) He would thus have seen the piquancy of a possible transposition, keeping the same number of syllables and the rhyme: «Comme de longs échos qui de loin se confondent…Les parfums, les couleurs et les sons se répondent.» (Like long echoes which mingle in the distance…Perfumes, colours and sounds answer each other.) One of his friends, Asselineau, made this interesting remark [39]: «His procedure was concentration, which explains the intensity of effect he obtained in limited proportions, in half a page of prose or in a sonnet. This also explains his passion for the methods of composition, his love for the planning and construction of works of the mind, his constant study of combinations and procedures.» He also writes [41]-[542]: «The truth is that Baudelaire worked slowly and irregularly, going twenty times over the same places, arguing with himself for hours over one word, and stopping in the middle of a page to go and…"bake" his thoughts in the oven of lounging and conversation.»

§154
· Reducing spacings for a reinforced attenuation
Theory

Let us reduce two exterior spacings of the plateau in which rb[répondent~parfums¹] is attenuated by vb[N~Nature], a gloss reinforced by vb[Nature~temple]. A porterage will be used beginning: “La Nature est un temple où parfums, couleurs et sons se répondent.” (Nature is a temple where Perfumes, colours and sounds answer each other.) The hoard gives an ell of (1/tsmw)((2(1/qepfzkgj))+(2(1/q’e’p’f’z’k’k’’g’j’)))=(1/(1) (1)(2)(1))((2(1/(2)(1)(2)(1)(1)(6.1)(1)(1)))+(2(1/(1)(1)(2)(1)(1)(6.1)(1)(1)(1))))=½((1/(2)(6.1))+(1/6.1))=0.122 with the passage on «paroles» (words) as the stratum. The dispenser produces an ell matching the improved intuitive understanding, (1/(1)(1)(2)(1))((2(1/(2)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)))+(2(1/(1)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1) (1)))), levelled to ½.

Method

As the values must at no point exceed 1, ½(½+1) cannot be left to obtain ¾ but by convention 1.5 must go down to 1: ½(1)=½.

Application to Baudelaire

The peg is already 1 for the hoard, from the N which is undeniably connected to «Nature» and because of the unavoidable link between «Nature» and «temple», and so allows two exterior spacings to be modified leaving a maximum of the initial calculation. 61

§155
· Increase in spacings for a reinforced attenuation
Theory

For rb[Nature~temple], attenuated by vb[parfums¹~symboles] reinforced by vb[couleurs~symboles], two spacings will be increased. The porterage will give initially the first two lines followed by the tercets and finally the remaining lines of the quatrains. The hoard gives an ell of (1/tsmw)((2(1/qepfzkgj))+(2(1/q’ e’p’f’z’k’k’’g’j’))) = (1/(1)(1)(1)(1))((2(1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(4.1)(5.7)(1)(1))) + (2(1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(4.2)(5.8)(4.2)(1)(1)))) = 1((1/46.74)+(1/204.624))=0.025. In the dispenser the two attenuation exterior spacings become 8.7 and 8.8 from the 30 fronts in the tercets, added to the 37 and 38 of the original text between «Nature» and «parfums», and «Nature» and «couleurs»: 2+(1(37/10))=5.7 and 2+(1(38/10))=5.8 giving, after modification, 2+(1((37+30)/10))=8.7 and 2+(1((38+30)/10))=8.8. The dispenser ell is therefore smaller than that of the hoard: (1/(1)(1)(1)(1))((2(1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(4.1)(8.7)(1)(1)))+(2(1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(4.2)(8.8)(4.2)(1)(1))))=1((1/71.34)+ (1/310.464))=0.017. The reduction observed is thus consistent with the greatly increased difficulty of recall with the interposition of the tercets.

Method

It should be noted that most of the loss occurs in the calculation that substitutes (1/71.34)=0.014 for (1/46.74)=0.021.

Application to Baudelaire

The stratum in all cases is supplied by the terms concerning the confused words from the columns of the sanctuary. The eighth line, or what it becomes, may also serve this idea. Baudelaire can consider the natural elements as sending love to each other but also to the human universe, the symbolism being directed again towards the material world; sometimes with one of his mistresses he feels as though he is emerging from a region of arid thoughts to approach the dangerous climate of some less barren southern plains [[1109]] in Index II (Poems)">[[1109]]: «Bizarre deity, brown as the nights,
Perfumed with musk and Havana tobacco,
Work of some wizard, the Faust of the savannah,
Sorceress of ebony flanks, black midnight’s child,

…When my desires move towards you in caravan,
My worries drink from the cistern of your eyes.» At the time the idea of a suitable title for his collected verse arose from a conversation, he may have seen this clash of meanings, “the flowers of evil”, as the way to portray his meditations on the beauty which gives life but torments [621]. Such a contradiction worthy of irony is also to be found, though transposed, in the following stanza [[995]] in Index II (Poems)">[[995]]: «When among the debauchees the white and vermilion dawn
Enters in company with the gnawing Ideal,
By the play of some vengeful mystery
Within the sleeping brute, an angel wakes…»

§156
· Lowering spacings with pivot and reinforced attenuation
Theory

Let us lower two exterior spacings in a case with a pivot. The hoard ell (1/tsmw)((2(1/qepfzkgj))+ (2(1/q’e’p’f’z’k’k’’g’j’))) will give very high values for (k’) and (k’’) while their equivalents in the dispenser will fall. We will use a porterage with instead of the present ending “…et d'autres, parfums du temple, l'encens, l'ambre, le benjoin, le musc, corrompus, riches et triomphants, ayant l'expansion des choses infinies…” (…and others, perfumes of the temple, incense, amber, benzoin, musk, corrupt, rich and triumphant, having the expansion of infinite things…) The plateau of rb[corrompus~encens] vb[en~encens], the latter gloss being reinforced by vb[en~temple], should have a hoard ell of (1/(1)(1)(1)(1))((2(1/(2)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1) (1))) +(2(1/(2)(1)(2)(2)(8.4)(8.4)(8.4)(1)(1)))) which is unfortunately impossible with a negligible gradient of 2(1/ (2)(1)(2)(2)(8.4)(1)(1)) from vb(en~temple) with “en” taken from «encens» (in/incense). For the two attenuations the stratum comes from «sens» which suggests the sense of smell, but without being able to justify q=q’=1. The dispenser ell is (1/(1)(1)(1)(1))((2(1/(2)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)))+(2(1/(2)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1) (1))))=1 and the intuitive contrast is hardly surprising in these circumstances.

Method

It should be noted that very often if a stratum for the attenuation of an obstacle has been detected by someone in his own work, he will probably be able to cancel out the problem by widening the stratum, but it must be conceded that this is more difficult than changing the various spacings.

Application to Baudelaire

We can easily imagine an imitation with “Nature” and “temple” at the end, more generally with many nasalizations in the last four lines and only there, to suggest the relation between the sense of smell and corruption. The term «temple» on the other hand which is a long way from «corrupt» and in contact with «Nature» in the present text suggests two major forms of pantheism, that in which what men call "God" is fundamentally the world, and that which envisages reality with a soul.

§157
· Lowering slides and spacings for a reinforced attenuation
Theory

The reduction in slides and spacings that comes from giving a stratum to an idea that is difficult to defend with the actual text can prevent its measurement of plausibility from being negligible. For the plateau of rb[corrompus~encens] vb[esprit~encens] (mind-incense), this latter gloss being reinforced by vb[sens~ encens] (senses-incense), a porterage will give a very different end to the text: “…l'ambre, le musc, le benjoin et l'encens sont-ils corrompus, riches et triomphants à cause de l'esprit et des sens qui détourneraient les effets de ce qui dépend trop d'eux?” (…are the amber, the musk, the benzoin and the incense corrupt, rich and triumphant because of the mind and the senses diverting the effects which depend too much on them?) The hoard ell uses 2(1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(2.3)(2)(2)) and 2(1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(2.4)(2)(2)) in (1/(1)(1)(1)(1))((2(1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(2.3)(3.4)(2)(2)))+(2(1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(2.4)(3.5)(2.4)(2)(2)))). The gradients are less than 0.062 as the lack of stratum means g=g’=j=j’=2 for (1/tsmw)((2(1/qepfzkgj))+(2(1/q’e’p’f’z’k’k’’g’j’))) and therefore the whole is unusable. The dispenser increases the plausibilities: (1/(2)(1)(1)(1))((2(1/(1)(1) (2)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1)))+(2(1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1))))=½.

Method

The impact of the measurements is restricted when the zones of levelling or riveting are tackled; the present case shows this since t=2 and f=f’=1 would not have changed the final result of the calculation: (1/(2)(1)(1)(1))((2(1/(1)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)))+(2(1/(1)(1) (2)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1))))=½(2) which is ½(1) after levelling. As a rank is a special peg for collisions, it must be added that all the pegs with a value of 1 would give the ell (1/(1)(1)(1)(1))((2(1/(1)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)))+ (2(1/(1)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1))))=((1)(2)) and then 1 by justified convention.

Application to Baudelaire

A porterage allowing this would use the ending to the text given above but without its interrogative or conditional forms: “…the amber, the musk, the benzoin and the incense are corrupt, rich and triumphant because of the mind and the senses which divert the effects that depend on them too much.”

§158
· Balance of variations for a reinforced attenuation
Theory

Imagining a porterage which favours the intuition of an idea in one respect but makes it difficult in another should bring us to a situation which is roughly equivalent to the one we started with. Weakening the notions of corrupt incense and perfumes which answer or sing is a way of getting pegs of 2 for the ell of rb[corrompus~encens] vb[répondent~parfums¹] with the attenuation gloss reinforced by vb[chantent~ parfums¹]. The same porterage will be responsible for bringing together all those ideas: “…les parfums¹, les couleurs, les sons, se répondent-ils et chantent-ils, en particulier l'ambre, le musc, le benjoin et l'encens, corrompus, riches et triomphants?” (…do the Perfumes, colours and sounds answer each other and sing, in particular, the amber, musk, benzoin and incense, corrupt, rich and triumphant?) This device will lower the three exterior spacings, and the overall result, through both its lowered characteristics and its equally important increased ones, should show hardly dissimilar intuitions and numerical values. The hoard gives (1/tsmw)((2(1/qepfzkgj))+(2(1/q’e’p’f’z’k’k’’g’j’)))=(1/(1)(1)(1)(1))((2(1/(1)(1)(2)(1)(1)(4.8)(1)(1)))+(2(1/(1)(1) (2)(1)(1)(4.8)(1)(1)(1))))=1((1/(4.8))+(1/(4.8)))=(2/4.8) or (1/2.4)=0.416 with the first line as a stratum. The dispenser gives a similar result: (1/(2)(1)(1)(1))((2(1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1)))+(2(1/(1)(1)(2)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1) (1)))) or ½(½+½)=½=0.5.

Method

Of course, the change in rank, meaning that the new value ½ multiplies the addition mentioned after it, gives a different twist to the calculation but the overall effects are practically the same.

Application to Baudelaire

The intuitions also, in spite of their apparently extraneous nature, come out with similar strength.

§159
· Risks of plateaux with low ells
Theory

In order to constitute a wide plateau we will try to assemble some ideas on attenuations with sum gradients and the problems clarified by them, first vb(Nature~Perfumes) vb(Perfumes~temple), reinforced by vb(Nature~colours) vb(colours~temple), vb(Nature~sounds) vb(sounds~temple). Even though they appear too vague to clarify rb(Nature~temple), the attenuation glosses together describe enough meanings to be considered of interest. However, any misgivings about them on an intuitive level are accompanied by the formidable perspective of the wide spacings that mark their measurements: paragraph 151 showed that a plateau with such attenuations, plus the difficulty they deal with rb(Nature~temple), has an ell of about 0.02. In a general ell, for a sufficiently numerous plateau, many values for which no cut exists must be multiplied and so the overall result would be lowered owing to the weight of 0.02, which explains why in the end this unit will have to be avoided, even though its orderliness makes it amusing. On the contrary, paragraph 128 gave us a glimpse of how the series rb(answer~Perfumes) vb(Perfumes~cool) vb(cool ~colours), vb(Perfumes~sweet) vb(sweet~colours), vb(Perfumes~triumphant) vb(triumphant~colours), vb(Perfumes~rich) vb(rich~colours) easily comes to ½ only from rb(answer~Perfumes) vb(Perfumes~cool) vb(Perfumes~sweet) vb(Perfumes~triumphant) vb(Perfumes~rich). Glosses of this type can come into a plateau without serious consequences along with those more captivating ones which may have a lower numerical value.

Application to Baudelaire

Our passions help us find the ideas possible in a beautiful text but when we constitute a plateau the strength of the commentary must take precedence over them and, being aware of the fate of the hundreds of individual views expressed by the major interpreters of „Correspondences“ since its publication, we can be convinced that the best of them contain enough durable meaning to be widely held.

Method

The present method’s precise aim is to help distinguish the essential, even if in spite of all precautions, it runs the risk of contributing more to beliefs than to knowledge.

§160
· A substantial plateau
Theory

Let us use in the same plateau rb(answer~Perfumes) vb(Perfumes~cool) vb(cool~colours), vb(Perfumes~sweet) vb(sweet~sounds), vb(colours~triumphant) vb(triumphant~sounds); and then rb(pillars~words) vb(N~Nature); rb(Nature~temple) vb(N~Nature); rb(eyes~symbols) vb(N~Nature); rb(observe~symbols) vb(N~Nature); rb(corrupt~incense) vb(transports~senses); rb(sing~Perfumes) vb(Perfumes~oboes). In order to avoid descending to very low values, a powerful attenuation, such as vb(N~Nature), must be used more than once, and each time a very modest spacing must be sought. The first glosses, which number seven, have a value of ½ as a result of the collision rb(answer~Perfumes) which has a channel of ½. The two attenuations vb(Perfumes~cool), vb(Perfumes~sweet) which, by reinforcing each other, are 1, the highest figure possible, keep this value. This gives ½(1)=½. The four collisions mentioned later have a channel of 1 which cannot harm the plateau, and the same attenuation vb(N~Nature) is used everywhere but is only counted once for its gradient of ½, using the cutting device. This amount which is constantly 2(1/(2)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1)) has slides from a single stratum: the eighth line. On the other hand the exterior spacings in the cases studied remain 1, in particular from the «There» in the third line which ensures continuity of meaning in the first quatrain. The product up to here is therefore ((½) (½))=¼. Next comes rb(corrupt~incense) vb(transports~senses) which is a less attractive pair than rb(corrupt~incense) vb(incense~senses) but has the advantage of an interior spacing of 1 for vb(transports~senses) and an exterior spacing of 1 in relation to the collision, giving (1/(1)(1)(1)(1)) (2(1/(1) (1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)))=1 as regards this small plateau made use of within the larger one. The stratum comes easily from «senses», a term here very useful for us although ousted from the main area of the present clarification. The general product remains at ¼ since ¼(1)=¼. There remains therefore rb(sing~Perfumes) vb(Perfumes~oboes). The collision has a channel of 1/(1)(1)(2)(1) from «sing» which can be thought of in the figurative sense. The attenuation gloss has a gradient of 2(1/(1)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1)), the stratum from the eighth line coming into play again; the exterior spacing cannot fall below 1 since thoughts provoked by the contrasts within the tercets unite the terms, and the two amounts relating to internal distances conserve the value of 1. The total for the ell amounts to (¼)((1/(1)(1)(2)(1))(2(1/(1)(1)(2)(1)(1)(1)(1))))=(¼)(½)(1)=⅛= 0.125.

Method

In this way commentaries taking no great risks avoid having ridiculously low ells but do not shed much light on works which have long been the subject of erudite study.

Application to Baudelaire

When more daring ways of understanding Baudelaire’s poetry are touched on the results fall sharply, but this rightly constitutes a warning in the face of our occasional inclination to uphold any personal discovery that is in fact difficult to justify. Part III: THE INFLUENCE OF ONE IDEA ON THE RELATIONS BETWEEN TWO OTHERS